1. Level 4 Problem and Solution Essays

2. TASK 2: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAYS
Match the essay topics with the problems and solutions.
Essay Topic
Problem
Solution 1)
Global warming a )
not enough time for family i
stop children eating
junk food 2)
Traffic jams in cities b
sea levels rising ii
employers not giving
employees too much work 3)
Childhood obesity c
not studying, not doing
well in courses
iii
stop burning fossil fuels
and use solar power 4)
Bad driving d
car accidents iv
bigger fines for
breaking laws 5)
People moving to cities e)
overcrowding v
use public transport 6
Students playing too many
computer games f
people wasting time
waiting in traffic
improve facilities in the
countryside 7
High levels of stress g
cannot relax
vii
use computers only
for studying 8
People spending too
much time at their jobs h
rise in diabetes
do exercise to reduce
stress

3. NATURAL RESOURCES 1. Which of these are natural resources
NATURAL RESOURCES Which of these are natural resources? Which of the natural resources can be used again and again?  
Natural resources which can be used again and again are also called renewable resources. Natural resources that cannot be used again and again are called non-renewable resources. Can you think of any more renewable and non-renewable resources?
2. What natural resource(s) does your country have a lot of and which ones does it not have much of?
3. Why are the world’s natural resources running out?
4. How can we save the natural resources?

4. TASK 2 PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAYS
Structure

5. Nowadays there is a trend of rapid increase in already excessive use of natural resources such as oil, and fresh water. What problems does it cause and list some possible solutions to address this issue.
INTRODUCTION 1)Today, the global population is increasing rapidly. 2)Therefore, people are using more of the Earth’s natural resources. It is an important issue because of its possible impact on individuals, families and countries. 3)The following essay will discuss the problems and solutions of overusing natural resources.
1) General Background
2) Essay Topic
3) Thesis

6. BODY PARAGRAPH 1 4) Topic Sentence 8) 2nd Problem 5) 1st Problem
4)To begin with, there are several problems associated with using a lot of natural resources. 5)The most important one is that we may run out of resources. 6)For example, if people use too much petrol now, there may not be enough to use in cars in the future. 7)As a result, people who have cars will need to spend money on new technology to replace the petrol engines. 8)Another problem is that using these natural resources too much may damage the environment. 9)For instance, cutting down forests results in less rain and more deserts. 10)Because of this, the animals which live in the forest may die.
4) Topic Sentence
8) 2nd Problem
5) 1st Problem
9) Example
6) Example + Condition + Result
10) Result
7) Result

7. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
11)However, there are solutions to overusing natural resources. 12)The main one is that people need to stop wasting them. 13) For example, people who wash their cars with a hose waste water. 14)If they use a bucket instead, they can save water. 15)In addition, people should use resources which they can use again, such as solar power. 16)This is because more people using solar power now means fewer people using oil. 17)Consequently, there will be more oil for people to use in the future.
11) Topic Sentence
15) 2nd Solution
12) 1st Solution
16) Explanation
13) Example
17) Result
14) Condition + Result

8. CONCLUSION 18)In conclusion, although the issue of overusing natural resources affects many countries, there are solutions to this problem. 19)The problems are that the resources may disappear and it is bad for the environment. However, people could stop wasting these resources and switch to resources which they can reuse. 20)Therefore, I advise everybody to reuse and recycle natural resources as much as they can.
18) Thesis again
19) Summary of problems and solutions
20) Opinion / Advice

9. TASK 2 PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAYS
Organisation

10. 3)The most important one is that students may waste their time.
 Many people use the internet these days. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
1)The following essay will discuss the problems and solutions of using the internet too much.
2)To begin with, there are several problems associated with using the internet.
3)The most important one is that students may waste their time.
4)Another problem is that young children who spend too much time on the internet might not have many friends.

11. 5)However, there are solutions to the problems of using the internet.
6)The main one is that students should limit their time on it.
7)In addition, parents should check on their children’s use of the internet.
8)In conclusion, although the issue of problems associated with using the internet affects many people, there are solutions to this.
9)The problems are that students may not use their time wisely and some children may not have time for friends.
10)However, people who are studying could spend less time on the internet and parents could check how much their children use it.

12. TASK 2 PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAYS
Vocabulary

13. These days, many tourists do not respect the culture of the countries they visit. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
In China, it is OK to leave your chopsticks stuck in
your rice bowl while you are chatting.
False
2. When visiting a mosque, visitors need to take off their shoes.
True
3. A tourist who wants to visit a mosque must buy
a shayla to wear inside.
False
4. In Egypt, you can add salt to your food, if you want.
False
5. It is not OK to place one hand on your leg when you are sitting at
a dinner table in Indonesia.
True
6. In Afghanistan, you must eat with your right hand only.
True

14. These days, many tourists do not respect the culture of the countries they visit. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
7. When you are invited to dinner in a German house, you should eat everything on the dinner table.
False
8. In China, you should leave a little food on your plate when you finish.
True
9. In Denmark, it is not acceptable to be late for a dinner party.
True
10. In Japan, blowing your nose in public is not OK, but
in England, it is.
True
11. In Thailand, it is acceptable to touch a person’s head.
False
12. In Albania, people nod their heads to mean no.
True

15. These days, many tourists do not respect the culture of the countries they visit. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
Nowadays, as countries become more 1) developed, many people have more money and free time. Therefore, tourism is growing around the world, but sometimes travellers are not 2) respectful to countries’ cultures. It is an important issue because of its possible impact on cultures and countries. The following essay will discuss the problems and solutions of tourists not 3) respecting local cultures.
To begin with, there are several problems associated with tourists not respecting local cultures. The most important one is that people in the country which they 4) visit may feel 5) offended. For example, if tourists keep their shoes on in a mosque, the people who are praying there may feel unhappy. As a result, there might be 6) arguments between the tourists and locals. Another problem is that tourists might change the country’s culture. This is because young people might copy the tourists’
7) behaviour. Consequently, these young people may not follow their own culture.

16. 13) understanding of the culture.
These days, many tourists do not respect the culture of the countries they visit. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
However, there are solutions to the problems of travellers disrespecting other cultures. The main one is that governments should produce 8) information for tourists, such as videos which the tourists watch on the plane before they arrive. If tourists learn about the customs, they will know how to 9) behave in the country. In addition, the people in the country could help the tourists to understand the local culture. For instance, hotels can 10) organize social 11) activities where tourists and locals meet and discuss 12) cultural differences. As a result, the tourists will have a deeper
13) understanding of the culture.
In conclusion, although the issue of travellers disrespecting local
14) traditions affects many countries, there are solutions to this. The problems are that local people might be upset and the visitors may affect the country’s culture. However, both governments and locals could help tourists learn more about the local culture. Therefore, I advise tourists and locals to communicate more with each other to develop greater cultural
15) awareness.

17. TASK 2 PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAYS
Grammar

18. What is it?
Watch the You Tube video and write down all the bullying behaviours that you see.

19. Bullying Behaviours pointing and laughing (making fun of) at someone
knocking someone down
tripping someone
knocking someone’s books, etc. to the floor
grabbing someone’s bag and emptying it onto the ground
Match the word and phrases to the people from the video below.
A. bullied child / bullied children B. a child who is bullied / children who are bullied
C. a child who bullies / children who bully D. bully / bullies
C & D
A & B

20. These days, bullying is a problem in many schools
These days, bullying is a problem in many schools. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
Nowadays, education is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, children almost everywhere go to school, but sometimes schools have problems with bullied. It is an important issue because of its possible impact on children’s development and their education. The following essay will discuss the problems and solutions of bully at school.
To begin with, there are several problems associated with bullying behavior in schools. The most important one is it children who are bullied feel very unhappy. This is a problem because it is harmful for children to feel so sad and afraid while they are growing up. As a result, it may affect the development of their personality and they may become shy and withdrawn. Another problem is that bullied children who not complete their studies. For example, if bullies hurting them physically, they may feel too scared to attend school. Consequently, these young people may not have any school friends or qualifications.
__________

21. These days, bullying is a problem in many schools
These days, bullying is a problem in many schools. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
However, there are solutions to the problems of bullied in schools. The main one is that teachers should watching the children carefully to see whether bullying is happening. Consequently, what they see bullying, they can stop it, so children will be safe. In addition, schools should have special programs which help stop bully. For instance, they could organize groups to support children which are bullied, and they could help children who bullies others to change their behaviour. Hence, the problem of bullied could be reduced.
In conclusion, although the issue of bully affects many schools, there are solutions to this. The problems is that bullied children might be very upset and they might not achievement their educational goals. However, teachers should check for bullying behaviour and schools should have programs to stop this problem. Therefore, I advise teachers, schools and parents to communicate closely with schoolchildren about this issue.
_________

22. These days, bullying is a problem in many schools
These days, bullying is a problem in many schools. What are some problems associated with this and what are some solutions?
Nowadays, education is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, children almost everywhere go to school, but sometimes schools have problems with 1)bullying. It is an important issue because of its possible impact on children’s development and their education. The following essay will discuss the problems and solutions of 2)bullying at school.
To begin with, there are several problems associated with bullying behavior in schools. The most important one is 3)that children who are bullied feel very unhappy. This is a problem because it is harmful for children to feel so sad and afraid while they are growing up. As a result, it may affect the development of their personality and they may become shy and withdrawn. Another problem is that bullied children 4)may not complete their studies. For example, if bullies 5)hurt them physically, they may feel too scared to attend school. Consequently, these young people may not have any school friends or qualifications.

23. However, there are solutions to the problems of 6)bullying in schools
However, there are solutions to the problems of 6)bullying in schools. The main one is that teachers should 7)watch the children carefully to see whether bullying is happening. Consequently, 8)if they see bullying, they can stop it, so children will be safe. In addition, schools should have special programs which help stop 9)bullying. For instance, they could organize groups to support children 10)who are bullied, and they could help children who 11)bully others to change their behaviour. Hence, the problem of 12)bullying could be reduced.
In conclusion, although the issue of 13)bullying affects many schools, there are solutions to this. The problems 14)are that bullied children might be very upset and they might not 15)achieve their educational goals. However, teachers should check for bullying behaviour and schools should have programs to stop this problem. Therefore, I advise teachers, schools and parents to communicate closely with schoolchildren about this issue.