1. Ch. 17.4 “The Legacy of the War”

2. Essential Question
What were the physical and economic costs of the war for both the North and the South?

3. Vocabulary
13th Amendment – measure adopted by the U.S. Congress in 1865 banning slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States.
John Wilkes Booth – Confederate supporter who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865.

4. Focus Questions
What were the physical costs of the war for both the North and the South?
What were the economic costs of the war for both the North and the South?
What was the 13th Amendment about, and when was it passed?
When, where, and by whom was President Lincoln assassinated?
Describe how Lincoln’s death affected the nation.
How did the Civil War affect the Federal Government?
How did the war affect the economies of both the North and the South?

5. Costs of the War
Many Northerners felt bitter toward the South after the war ended.
President Lincoln hoped to heal the nation and bring the North and South together again.
Generous terms of surrender were offered to Lee as part of the effort to heal the nation.
The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history!

6. Physical Costs of the War
In four years of fighting, approximately 620,000 soldiers died.
The Union lost approximately 360,000 men and the South lost approx. 260,000 soldiers.
275,000 Union soldiers were injured and 260,000 Confederate soldiers were wounded.
Many suffered from their wounds for the rest of their lives.

7. Economic Costs of the war
The Civil War had great economic costs.
Together, the North and South spent more than 5 times the amount spent by the government in the previous eight decades!
The Federal debt in 1865 rose to 2.7 billion.
The Confederate debt ran over $700 million.
Many years after the war ended, the Federal government was still paying interest on loans taken out during the war.

8. The 13th Amendment
In January 1865, President Lincoln urged Congress to end slavery.
Finally, Congress passed the 13th Amendment
to the Constitution on January 31, 1865.
By year’s end, 27 states including 8 southern states ratified the 13th Amendment which banned slavery in the United States.

9. Lincoln’s Assassination
Lincoln did not live to see the end of slavery.
5 days after Lee surrendered at Appomattox, President Lincoln was assassinated.
Lincoln and his wife attended a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. on April 14, 1865.
John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Confederate supporter, snuck into the theater’s balcony and shot the president in the back of the head. The bullet in his brain could not be removed, and
the president died the next day, April 15, 1865.

10. Lincoln’s Assassination

11. Lincoln’s Assassination
The loss of Lincoln’s vast experience and great political skills was a terrible setback for a people faced by the challenge of rebuilding their nation.
In both the North and the South, life would never be the same after the Civil War.
Walt Whitman, a great American poet
wrote the poem “Oh Captain My
Captain” to honor Abraham Lincoln.

12. O Captain! My Captain! Walt Whitman
O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills,
For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding,
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
Here Captain! dear father!
Read the poem on this slide and the next slide.

13. O Captain! My Captain! Walt Whitman
This arm beneath your head!
It is some dream that on the deck,
You’ve fallen cold and dead.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,
The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;
Exult O shores, and ring O bells!
But I with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.

14. O Captain! My Captain! Walt Whitman
This poem is an “elegy” which is a poem of mourning.
Who is Walt Whitman mourning?
The poem has an “extended metaphor” which means the metaphor is stated and carried throughout the poem.
What is the ship a metaphor for?
What is the trip a metaphor for?
What is the prize sought a metaphor for?
Who is the captain?
Why is this situation ironic?
The ship is the United States. The trip was the Civil War. The prize is the end of the war and reuniting the country. Abraham Lincoln is the captain. It is ironic because Lincoln’s dream of reuniting the country has happened, and he isn’t here to see it.

15. Consequences of the War
The war also caused the federal government to expand.
The government grew larger and more powerful.
Along with new paper currency and income tax, the government:
1. Established a new federal banking system
2. Funded railroads
3. Gave western land to settlers
4. Provided for state colleges

16. Consequences of the War
The war also changed the Northern economy.
New industries such as steel, petroleum, food processing, and manufacturing grew rapidly.
By the late 1800’s industry had begun to replace
farming as the basis of the national economy.

17. Consequences of the War
For the South, the war brought economic disaster.
Farms and plantations were destroyed
40% of the South’s livestock was killed
50% of its farm machinery was destroyed.
Thousands of miles of railroad tracks were torn up
Gone was the labor system the South depended upon - Slaves