1. Acquired Immune Responses
Hugh B. Fackrell
filename : JWR11v7.ppt

2. Acquired Immunity:Outline
Acquired vs Innate immunity
Immunogens & Antigens
MHC
Functions of Acquired immunity
Components of Immune Response
Humoral Immunity
Cell mediated immunity
Regulation of immunity

3. Adaptive vs Innate Immunity

4. Definitions Immunogen Antigen
Any compound that combines with the products of an immune response and triggers the immune response
Antigen
Any compound that combines with the products of an immune response

5. Antigen: interaction

6. Caveat Immunogenicity is not an inherent characteristic of a molecule
Immunogen MUST first be recognized as foreign by the body
Eg Blood transfusions
RBCs are not recognized as immunogenic unless blood typed incorrectly

7. Major Histocompatability Complex

8. MHC-1

9. MHC-1 Function

10. MHC-2: Structure

11. MHC-2 Function

12. Acquired Immunity Definition Characteristics
Acquired immunity( AKA adaptive immunity) is an altered reactivity to a specific compound that follows exposure to that compound
Characteristics
Specificity
Memory

13. Acquired Immunity: definition
The altered reactivity will not be to all compounds, just those compounds to which the animal has been exposed
The animal has a heightened specific response on second and subsequent exposures because the body remembers previous contacts

14. Functions of Acquired Immunity
Discrimate between self and non self for:
Defence
destruction of foreign molecules
Homeostasis
removal of dead or damaged cells
Surveillance
control of mutant or cancer cells

15. Components of Immune Response
Cells
B cells
T cells
NK cells
Macrophages
MOLECULES
Major Histocompatbility Complex
Regulatory Proteins
cytokines
lymphokines

16. Two Forms of Acquired Immunity
Humoral Immunity
lymphocytes react indirectly on non self molecules via antibodies
Cell mediated immunity
Lymphocytes act directly on the non self molecules

17. Humoral Immunity

18. Angels & Devils

19. Antibody: a Flexible mediator

20. Immunoglobulin Classes
Immunoglobulin A IgA, mA
Immunoglobulin D IgD, mD
Immunoglobulin E IgE, mE
Immunoglobulin G IgG, mG
Immunoglobulin M IgM, mM

21. IgM: Structure

22. IgM: Functions Antigen receptor for B cell Short term protection
binds tightly to antigen
(high avidity)

23. Primary vs Secondary Response

24. Structure of IgG

25. IgG: Functions Bind antigen in tissue fluids
Promote destruction of antigen
activates complement
Promote phagocytosis
binds to Fc receptors on macrophages
Passive protection of fetus
binds to receptors on placenta
transferred to fetal circulation

26. Structure of IgA

27. Secretion of IgA

28. IgA; Functions Protects body surfaces against invading microbes
Secretory IgA -
transported to epithelium
secreted in mucus, milk & tears
Blood IgA -
transported to liver
binds to hepatocytes
secreted into bile

29. Structure of IgE

30. IgE: Functions Mediates inflammatory response
Immunity to parasitic worms
Mediates many allergies (type I)

31. Antibody Specificity Antibodies distinguish between: Diseases
measles & mumps
Macromolecules
proteins, complex carbohydrates
Molecules
amino acids, sugars
Submolecular
D& L isomers
ortho, meta, para positions

32. Clonal Selection: B cells

33. Cell mediated Immunity

34. T cells

35. Cell mediated clonal selection

36. Role of Macrophages

37. Monocyte

38. Macrophage Activation products

39. Macrophages & T cells

40. T cells interacting with Macrophage

41. Regulation of Immunity

42. Range of immune responses

43. Antigen Processing

44. Cellular interactions during the humoral response

45. Requirements for a complete immune response
Lymphocytes
B cells
Tcells
Macrophages
critical accessory cells
Complement
combines with antibody to enhance destruction

46. Adverse effects of Immunity