1. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Reformation – a movement to change or improve the Catholic Church
Catholic Church – most powerful Christian church in Europe (only Christian Church)
Unpopular Church Practices (complaints) –
Some reformers thought:
priests and bishops weren’t very religious anymore
Many priests didn’t even know basic church teachings
Pope was too involved in politics
Church had grown too rich
Upset with INDULGENCES!!!
Earth = Sin
Purgatory = pay for sins
Heaven = no sin
Create 3 Q&As for a member of the clergy

2. MARTIN LUTHER AND THE NINETY-FIVE THESES
* On October 31, 1517, a Catholic priest named Martin Luther nailed a list of complaints about the church to a door of a church in Germany
The list is called the Ninety-Five Theses
Lutheran Church:
became popular in Germany
Newly invented printing press spread theses quickly
Luther’s Teachings:
anyone could have a direct relationship with God
didn’t need priests to talk to God for them
belief should be based on the Bible (not popes or priests)
translated the Bible’s New Testament into German
wrote pamphlets, essays, and songs about his teachings
95 Theses – criticized the church and many of its practices (selling of indulgences)
Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
Luther’s Beliefs –
If people believed in God and lived by the Bible = their souls would be saved
Luther’s ideas eventually led to a split in the Roman Catholic Church. Those who sided with him and protested against the church became known as PROTESTANTS.

3. OTHER REFORMERS

4. William Tyndale:
English professor
He thought everyone should be able to read and interpret the Bible
Church taught that only clergy could interpret the Bible

5. William Tyndale:
Translated the Bible into English = angered the clergy
Clergy tried to arrest him = he fled the country
Eventually captured and executed

6. William Tyndale:
Tyndale was strangled to death while tied at the stake, and then his dead body was burned.
Tyndale's final words, spoken "with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice", were reported as "Lord! Open the King of England's eyes."
Within four years, at the same king's behest, four English translations of the Bible were published in England, including Henry's official Great Bible. All were based on Tyndale's work.

7. John Calvin:
More influential than Tyndale
Taught PREDESTINATION – God knew who would be saved even before they were born
Nothing people did during life would change God’s plan
Still should lead a good life and obey God

8. John Calvin:
Became religious leader of Geneva , Switzerland
His followers are called Calvinists
Passed laws to make people live according to Calvin’s teachings

9. John Calvin:
Believed that people were generally sinful = banned many forms of entertainment
No card playing, drinking or dancing = distracted people from religion

10. Henry VIII Ruled England from 1509–1547
Married six queens, divorced two, beheaded two more
He brought the Reformation to England

11. Henry VIII
Imprisoned bishops and nobles in the Tower of London, beheaded them all.

12. Henry VIII Henry needed a son to succeed him on the throne
His wife Catherine had given birth to only daughters
Henry asked the pope to annul his marriage

13. Henry VIII The pope would not annul his marriage
Catherine was from Spain, a very Catholic kingdom
the pope did not want to make Catherine’s family angry

15. Henry VIII Henry had his bishop annul the marriage any way
the pope EX’D him
Henry declared that the king and not the pope, to be the head of the Church in England

16. Henry VIII
Henry ordered all Catholics to accept him as the new head of their church
Some refused (Sir Thomas More) and were killed
He seized Catholic land in England

17. Church of England
The Church of England became known as the Anglican Church
He didn’t change many Catholic rituals

18. Bloody Mary Many English Catholics did not want to abandon Catholicism
They backed Henry’s daughter Mary when she became Queen

19. Bloody Mary
Mary had been raised Catholic and wanted to make England a Catholic kingdom again.

20. Bloody Mary Mary restored the Catholic Church in England
She arrested Protestants who opposed her
Mary burned 300 people at the stake
She was given the nickname “Blood Mary”

21. Elizabeth I Mary ruled for about 5 years, then died
Her half-sister Elizabeth took over the throne.

22. Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I was a Protestant
She restored the Anglican Church
Became one of the greatest rulers in England’s history

23. Calvinism in Europe
By the 1500s, the ideas of Calvin had reached England
Many educated people began to read Calvin’s works
They began to demand that the Anglican Church give up its Catholic ways
These Reformers became known as Puritans

24. Puritans They wanted to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic ideas
Puritans began to form their own congregations; neither Anglican or Catholic
The Puritans were tolerated up until King James I became king in 1603

25. Puritans The Puritans believed in choosing their own ministers
King James saw this as the Puritans challenging his authority
King James I and the next king, Charles I, persecuted the Puritans

26. Puritans
Many Puritans moved to America to practice their religion freely
They founded Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island