1. Chapter 3:Lesson 2:
Reproduction in
Plants:

2. Plants Reproduction: Most plants reproduce by: 1- Producing Seeds.
2- Producing Spores.

3. What is a Spore ??
A Spore: is a single reproductive cell that can grow into a new plant.

4. Examples of Plants that reproduce by spores:
Non Vascular Plants:
Example: Mosses.
Vascular Plants:
Example: Ferns.

5. Mosses & Ferns have similar life cycles??
Both reproduce by 2 different generations:
Sporophyte generation: Plants reproduce by producing Spores. ( which are carried by wind).
Gametophyte generation: Plants reproduce by producing Gametes. ( carried by water).
Gametes: are male & female reproductive cells

6. Gametophyte generation:
Reproduction occurs by producing gametes.
Gametes include:
a male reproductive cell ( Sperm).
a female reproductive cell ( egg ).
When gametes join they form Zygote .
Note: the sperm cell must swim to fuse with the egg cell.
This process is called “ Fertilization”.

7. FERTILIZATION:
It is the uniting of the sperm & egg cells, forming a zygote.
A fertilized egg ( zygote ) grows
Into a Sporophyte ( a plant which
reproduce by spores ).
Note: a moist environment is
needed for reproduction.

8. Mosses: Green part: Moss gametophyte.
Stalk: tall & thin representing Moss Sporophyte.
Note: Stalks have
capsules on top
where spores are
produced , when
mature the capsule
pop open & wind
Carries away spores.

9. Moss life cycle: Spores are released. Gametophytes grow from spores.
Structures on female gametophytes produce eggs.
Structures on male gametophytes produce sperms.
Egg & sperm join.
New Sporophyte grows.

10. Moss life cycle:

11. Ferns: After fertilization fern Sporophyte grows ( from
gametophyte) eventually
, the Sporophyte will
outgrow the gametophyte
& live on its own.
Sporophyte are more
Visible than gametophyte
( gametophytes are tiny & grow flat on the ground).

12. Ferns: The large leaf of a fern is called “ Frond”.
When observing the underside of a fern frond you will see “Sori” .
Sori: are spore cases containing clusters of spores.
Sori have spring like devices that toss spores several meters away. once in the air, spores can by blown farther by a light breeze.

13. Fern life cycle:

14. Fern life cycle: Spores are released from Sori.
Spores will grow into tiny, heart shaped gametophytes.
Each gametophyte has both male & female structures.
Sperm swim to fertilize egg.
A fertilized egg develops into a leafy fern plant.( the Sporophyte).

15. The End 