1. Introduction to Plants Monocots & Dicots

2. Review: Organizing Living Organisms
Each group has the characteristics of the level above it, but has some distinguishing features.
The further down the scale you go, the more minor the differences become, until you end up with a classification which applies to only one plant.

3. Classification of Plants
Plants are classified into smaller groups, according to shared characteristics

4. Classification of Plants continued
small, simple plants without a vascular system
cannot transport food or water very far
lack roots, have rhizoids (small hairs that keep the plant in place)
commonly found in moist environments
reproduce sexually by creating single-celled spores or asexually by vegetative propagation
examples: mosses, liverworts
have vascular vessels to transport water and food
examples: flowers, trees

5. Classification of Plants continued
allow plants to reproduce sexually without needing water and provide protection
appeared about 280 million years ago
climate colder and drier so spore producing plants could not survive the drought and freezing so they became extinct
divided into 2 groups - angiosperms and gymnosperms
do not produce seeds, are dispersed by windblown spores or by water
formed first forests 350 million years
examples: ferns, whisk ferns, club mosses, and horsetails.

6. Classification of Plants continued
Angiosperms:
Flower producing plants
Mature seed is surrounded by the ovule (e.g. apple).
Group is often referred to as hardwoods.
Trees have broad leaves that usually change color and die every autumn
Gymnosperms: "naked seed"
Plants which DO NOT produce flowers
Seeds are not enclosed in an ovule (e.g.pine cone).
Group referred to as softwoods.
Usually have needles that stay green throughout the year

7. Angiosperm or Gymnosperm?

8. Classification of Plants continued
1 cotyledon
2 cotyledons

9. Characteristics of Monocot and Dicot Plants

10. Summary Characteristics of Monocot and Dicot Plants - Video Synopsis
MONOCOTS
DICOTS
VASCULAR TISSUE
SCATTERED
ARRANGED IN RING
ROOTS
FIBROUS
TAPROOT
POLLEN GRAIN
1 OPENING
3 OPENINGS
FLOWER PETALS
MULTIPLES OF 3
GROUPS OF 4 OR 5
COTYLEDONS 1 2
LEAF VENATION
PARALLEL
NET-LIKE

11. Moncot and dicot seeds Dicot Monocot 2 cotyledons only one cotyledon
cotyledons are fleshy and store food
endosperm absent
Monocot
only one cotyledon
cotyledon is thin, small and lacks food materials
endosperm present and stores food

13. Obtain a bean and corn seed that have been soaked in water
MONOCOT AND DICOT SEED DISSECTION
***Refer to your lab handout for instructions
Obtain a bean and corn seed that have been soaked in water
Using a scalpel, carefully cut the bean and corn seed in half lengthwise
Sketch a biological diagram of the inside of the bean OR corn seed using the guidelines you have been given.
Answer the questions in the lab posted in classroom.