1. Physical Energy Flow Accounts (PEFA) European Statistical Training Programme (ESTP)
Jasmin Guelden Sterzl
Statistics Austria
Vienna, 28 – 30 Mai 2018
THE CONTRACTOR IS ACTING UNDER A FRAMEWORK CONTRACT CONCLUDED WITH THE COMMISSION

2. PEFA: same data as in energy balances, arranged differently
General Overview
Physical Energy Flow Accounts are a part of Energy Accounts:
SEEA
Energy accounts
Physical Energy Flow Accounts PEFA
Asset Accounts (opening and closing stock of environmental assets, stock changes)
Ideally, data that enter Energy Accounts come from the same sources as for Energy Balances.
PEFA: same data as in energy balances, arranged differently

3. Why Energy Accounts…?
Energy accounts in general and PEFA specifically use data from energy statistics, applying definitions from National Accounts so that energy data can be aligned with monetary data in National Accounts.
Different definitions regarding transport data and the treatment of data within the national boundary (residence vs. territory principle).
The energy balance is the most common format of energy statistics.

4. Differences between the two concepts
Energy Balances:
Transport sectors defined functionally and displayed separately
based on territory principle
PEFA:
Energy consumption for transport allocated to individual sectors  part of sectoral energy consumption
based on residence principle

5. Austrian energy balance 2016
PEFA: part of sectoral
consumption

6. Residence vs. Territory Principle
PEFA follow the residence principle: All energy commodities used by resident units are accounted for – on national territory and abroad
Energy Balances follow the territorial principle: All energy commodities used on national territory – by residents and non-residents are accounted for.
Corrections have to be made for energy commodities that are purchased by non-residents on national territory. These will be accounted for as exports in PEFA. Analogically, energy commodities that are purchased abroad and used by resident units do constitute imports in PEFA.
Bridge Table

7. Overview Case Austria
Statistics Austria compiles the following energy statistics: Energy data Energy balances Energy accounts (national methodology) Physical Energy Flow Accounts PEFA Data come from one source and are therefore comparable!

8. Energy Accounts in Austria - Basics
Energy consumption data in Austria are mostly based on surveys:
2 y.
Household Survey
1 y.
Services Survey
Industry Survey
Data enter the Energy Balance and Energy Accounts /PEFA simultaneously but with different levels of aggregation –
Surveys provide information on fuel consumption in transport.
No extra transport survey!
A few important energy companies are being contacted directly
Material Input Statistics
Small & middle businesses
Use energy analysis
Model of offroad diesel consumption in agriculture

9. Data specifics The following specifics have to be taken into account:
Sales data (gasoline, diesel sales etc.) that enter the energy balance are based on the territorial principle (“top down approach”)
Survey data collected in the household, services and industry survey reflect the residence principle (“bottom-up approach”)
Using the differences between the “top down” and the “bottom up” approach can be used to determine the fuel consumption of residents abroad and the fuel consumption of non-residents on national territory.

10. Fuel consumption of non-residents on national territory
Data on national level, e.g. sales data, foreign trade data: Territorial Principle
Survey data, e.g. energy consumption in the services and industry sector, in households: Residence Principle
Fuel consumption of non-residents on national territory
Fuel consumption of residents abroad
Data can be used directly in the energy balance
Data has to be adapted for PEFA
Data can be used directly in the PEFA
Data has to be adapted for energy balances

11. Determination of values
In detail, the following calculations are made:
Fuel consumption of the industry/services sectors abroad is estimated by using the tonnes-km travelled abroad in relation to total tonnes-km.
The allocation of fuel consumption to NACE sectors itself comes from the different surveys.
Fuel consumption of households abroad is estimated by using km for holiday travels in relation to total km travelled per year.

12. Determination of values
Through the estimation of fuel consumption of residents abroad, the fuel consumption of non-residents on the territory can be determined. This quantity is part of “other land transport” in the energy balance and is part of exports in the PEFA.

13. Compilation of the PEFA Questionnaire
Primary production/intermediate consumption from national energy accounts
We start with table B.1 (voluntary):
Transformation input from energy balances

14. 2nd step - table B.2 (voluntary):
Intermediate consumption from nat. energy accounts – corresponding cell from table B.1 + non-energy cons.
B as sum of B.1 and B.2, or fill in B directly, when B.1 and B.2 are not populated

15. 3rd step – table A, Energy products:
Secondary production from national energy accounts + intraest. cons. from energy balances – feedstocks (where applicable)
3rd step – table A, Energy products:

16. Total use from table B (= total supply in table A)
4th step – table A, Energy residuals:
Energy losses =
Total use from table B (= total supply in table A)
energy incorporated in non- energy use
energy products

17. In many cases, table C equals table B with respect to energy products.
5th step – table C (emission-relevant use):
In many cases, table C equals table B with respect to energy products.
Exception, the transformation into other energy products e.g: hard coal that is transformed to coke. Emissions from the consumption of coke and of coke oven gas (that is a by-product of the coking process) are attributed to those two products in the different NACE sectors. Transformation losses are taken into account here. Therefore, hard coal in P08-C19 in table C is smaller than in table B.
6th step – table D (Key energy indicators):
Calculated automatically

18. 7th step – table E (Bridge table):
Based on tonnes-km for industry and services and on travel habits of households
7th step – table E (Bridge table):
National airlines data
Difference
Data on outflow of fuel into foreign planes/vessels
Mainly ambient heat, rounding diff.
according to Eurostat DB

19. Summary
Our data collections can be used for energy balances, energy accounts, SHARES and for the PEFA. Those statistics are all compiled using the same data and are therefore consistent
Our surveys on energy consumption also ask for fuel consumption. This information enables us to compile the different statistics.
Important: include Energy Statistics Unit in work!

20. Questions?

21. Physical Environemental Accounts (PEA) European Statistical Training Programme (ESTP)
Please address queries to your trainer:
Jasmin Guelden Sterzl