1. Designing & Managing Services
Chapter # 8

2. Chapter Outline Definition of Service Categories of Service Mix
Nature of services
Marketing strategies for services firms
Managing product support services

3. What is a Service?
“A form of product that consists of activities, benefits or satisfactions offered for sale that are essentially intangible and do not result in the ownership of anything.”
“A service is any act of performance that one party can offer another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything; its production may or may not be tied to a physical product.”

4. Service Sectors Government Private Non Profit Business Manufacturing
Retail

5. Categories of Service Mix
Pure
Tangible
Good
Pure
Service
Tangible
Good w/
Services
Hybrid
Major
Service
w/ Goods

6. Categories of Service Mix
A company’s offering to the market often includes some products and some services. The service components can be a minor or major part of the total offering. There are 5 categories of offerings; 1- Pure Tangible Goods: The offering which consists primarily of a tangible good with no services accompany the product. For example: Soap, salt, paper etc 2- Tangible with Accompanying Services: The offering which consists of a tangible good with one or more services. For example: Nokia with warranty

7. Categories of Service Mix Cont...
3- Hybrid: The offering which consists of equal part of good & services. For example: Restaurants provide both food & service. 4- Major Service with Accompanying Minor Goods/Service The offering which consists of major services along with additional services or supporting goods. For example: Air travel is a major service of travelling along with food, shopping on airport etc is the accompanying minor goods. 5- Pure Services: The offering consist primarily of a service. For example: a hair cut, tailoring a suit etc.

8. Marketing Strategies for Service Firms
The traditional four P’s of marketing approach work well for goods and services, but additional some elements require attention in services businesses especially. Three more elements of marketing mix are suggested for services along with 4 P’s which are as follows:
Product/ Service
Price
Place
Promotion
People
Process
Physical evidence

9. Marketing Strategies for Service Firms
Price Strategy
Prices must be more flexible for services
Service demand is highly volatile/ unpredictable
Use price to shift demand away from peak periods
Offer more negotiated prices for your service
Place Strategy
Location/convenience are critical
Cannot store or ship
Cannot postpone, substitute
Short, Direct Channels
Intermediaries are agents or brokers

10. Marketing Strategies for Service Firms
Promotion Strategy
Must promote the benefits of the service
Build a tangible image of the service & Personalize the firm
Personal selling is very critical for the professional service provider.
People Strategy
An essential ingredient to any service provision is the use of appropriate staff and people.
Recruiting the right staff and training them appropriately in the delivery of their service is essential if the organization wants to obtain a form of competitive advantage.
Consumers make judgments and deliver perceptions of the service based on the employees they interact with.

11. Marketing Strategies for Service Firms
Process Strategy
Process refers to the systems used to assist the organization in delivering the service.
For Example: 1) If you order a burger in a Burger King and you get it delivered within 2 minutes, so this is the process. 2)If the Bank send you the new Credit Cards automatically when their customers old one has expired again it requires an efficient process.

12. Marketing Strategies for Service Firms
Physical Evidence Strategy
Physical evidence means that where is the service being delivered?
Physical Evidence is the element of the service mix which allows the consumer again to make judgments on the organization.
For Example: If you walk into a restaurant your expectations are of a clean, friendly environment. On an aircraft if you travel first class you expect enough room to be able to lay down.

13. Nature or Characteristics of Services
Intangibility
Services cannot
be seen, tasted,
felt, heard, or
smelled before
purchase
Inseparability
Services cannot
be separated
from their
providers
Services
Variability
Quality of
services depends
on who provides
them and when,
where, and how
Perishability
Services cannot
be stored for
later sale or use

14. Overcoming Service Challenges
Intangibility
Use cues to
make it tangible
Inseparability
Increase
productivity of
providers
Services
Variability
Standardize
service
production
& delivery
Perishability
Match supply
and demand

15. Three Types of Marketing in Service Industries
Company
Customers
External
marketing
Internal
marketing
Cleaning/
maintenance
services
Financial/
banking
Restaurant
industry
Employees
Interactive
marketing

16. Three Types of Marketing in Service Industries
Service marketing require not only external marketing but internal and interactive marketing.
External Marketing describe the normal work of preparing pricing distributing and promoting the services to customer.
Internal Marketing describe the work to train and motivate employees to serve customer.
Interactive Marketing describes the employees skill in serving the clients because the client judges services not only by technical quality but also its functional quality.
For Example: In hospital a successful operation is the technical quality from the doctors, but the way the doctors show their concerns and giving confidence to the patients is the interactive marketing

17. Managing Service Quality
The service quality of a firm is tested at each service encounter. If service personnel are bored, cannot answer simple questions, or visiting with each other while customers are waiting, customers will think twice about doing business again with that seller.
Customer Expectations:
Customers form service expectations from many sources, such as past experiences, word of mouth, and advertising. Customers compare the perceived service with the expected service. If the perceived service falls below the expected service, customers are disappointed.
If the perceived service meets or exceeds their expectations, they are suitable to use the provider again. Successful companies add benefits to their offering that not only satisfy customers but surprise and delight them.

18. Improving Service Quality
Service quality can be improved by all these following steps taken in favor of your customers to make them more delighted & satisfied.
Listening
Reliability
Basic service
Service design
Recovery
Fair play
Teamwork
Employee research
Servant leadership
Surprising customers

19. How to Increase Quality Control for Service
Invest money in good hiring and training procedures of your employees.
Standardize the service-performance processes for all of your services to reduce variability in your services.
Monitor customer satisfaction by different ways of ensuring their maximum satisfaction.

20. Solutions to Customer Failures
Redesign processes and redefine customer roles to simplify service benefits for them.
Provide the right technology to help both employees and customers for better service delivery.
Create high-performance customers by enhancing their roles clarity, motivation, and ability to gain.
Encourage customer citizenship where customers help other customers in service motivation and provision.

21. Customer Complaint Resolution
Hiring Criteria & Training for Employees
Develop Guidelines for Fairness
Remove Complaint Barriers
Analyze Types & Sources of Complaints

22. END OF CHAPTER