1. Greco-Roman Logic, Daoism, and Christianity

2. Buddhism As a response to the hierarchy/castes of Hinduism,
Buddhism adopted a more egalitarian approach
In Buddhism, life is suffering—greed, desire, and material wealth
The cure is to rid yourself of such desires and lead a simple,
meditated life in which any person could achieve nirvana
Monks setup educational establishments, and many moved to
monasteries to meditate and separate from society (asceticism)
The movement spread via missionaries, The Mauryan Empire
and trade routes, mostly to Central Asia, China, and Southeast Asia

3. Daoism Daoism arose as a nature-based reaction to the political and
social emphasis of Confucianism (Laozi and Zhuangzi)
They assumed the political system would be indirectly fixed
or ran by small communities living harmoniously and self-sufficiently
The focus was to harmonize with nature and embrace
individuality and creativity, and the natural flow of life
Daoists saw themselves as complementary to Confuc.,
mimicking the yin/yang concept of uniting opposites in harmony
Daoism would be profoundly influential in China, starting traditional
Chinese medicine (herbs, acupuncture, and exercise), as well as concepts such as feng shui

4. Christianity
Christianity became around CE when disciples in Israel began cataloging and
following the miracles and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
The promise of a Messiah was particularly appealing to the occupied Jews,
and Jesus and his followers were quickly opposed by the Roman Empire
While Rome attempted to stop Christianity, missionaries such as Paul
(later Apostle Paul) engaged in extensive missionary work and traveling
While many were oppressed, missionaries and merchants
continued to spread the young religion throughout the empire
Christianity truly came to prominence when it was later made the official religion
of Rome in 380 CE (Edict of Thessalonica), and popularized by Emperor Constantine

5. Greco-Roman Logic
The lasting legacy of Greece lays in the philosophy which dom.
Greek, Roman, Middle Eastern, Islamic, and Western society
The Greek approach to knowledge was that
of constantly questioning, and refinement using
logic and empirical observation
These writings and concepts of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle would
Define Arabic and Western medicine, Science, society, and government
These thinkers challenged and questioned the concepts of government,
hierarchy, and advocated various democratic and republican institutions