2. Change in organisms over a long time
What is evolution?
Change in organisms over a long time

3. In order for evolution to occur, there must be NATURAL VARIATION within a species.

4. Lamark’s Evolution Ideas
1. Species strive for perfection and complexity
2.“Use it, or lose it”
3. Acquired traits are passed on to offspring

5. Darwin proposed the Theory of NATURAL SELECTION
Darwin proposed the Theory of NATURAL SELECTION. Where the environment selects fittest traits.

6. Darwin
Studied the Galapagos finches and examined how they evolved. He used the term: “Survival of the Fittest”

7. What is the type of adaptation that new species originate from one ancestor?
Adaptive Radiation
Hint: “Tweak the Beak”

8. Darwin said that the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is called its FITNESS!

9. What is the type of evolution where there is a long, steady evolution in a species?
Gradualism

10. Punctuated Equilibrium
Name the type of evolutionary change where there is a long period of steady evolution and then a sudden evolutionary change due to ice age or a major volcano eruption?
Punctuated Equilibrium

11. Structures from same ancestor, with same structure and same function, but in different species are called Homologous structures. Homo=same

12. Structures from different ancestors, different species, but same function are called Analogous structures
Ana=“not”

13. Vestigial organs are ones that are reduced in size and have no known function any longer.

14. Preserved remains of a living organism
What is a fossil?
Preserved remains of a living organism

15. (this is highly unlikely to ever happen)
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Principle
Genetic Equilibrium will occur if ALL of the following 5 conditions must exist
(this is highly unlikely to ever happen)
No mutations
No emigration/immigration
No natural selection
Must be a large population
Random mating must occur

16. All the combined alleles in a population (species living in an area) is called the gene pool.

17. What is the gene frequency change (allele change) in a small population which is due to chance?

18. What is the gene frequency change (allele change) in a small population which is due to chance?
Genetic Drift

19. What is it called when a few organisms leave their original habitat and start a new colony with fewer allele frequency than the original colony?
FOUNDER EFFECT

20. A species is an organism that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.
Horse
Donkey
Mules are not a species

21. Natural Selection: Nature selects the best traits for survival
Changes allele frequency
Artificial selection: Man selects best traits to breed.

22. 3 Types of Reproductive Isolation
Behavioral Isolation: Traits or habits preventing reproduction (the mating song or dance of a bird)
Geographical Isolation: Land separation of individuals in a species keeping them from reproducing (oceans, rivers, canyons, etc.)
Temporal Isolation: Mating season is different such as winter vs. spring or April vs. October or night vs. day.

23. 1 2 3 Name the SELECTION graphs and describe each.
Stabilizing: Average (middle) individuals of a species are fittest. 1
Disruptive:
Individuals at the outer ends are fittest. 2
Directional:
Individuals at one end are fittest. 3

24. What is CONVERGENT evolution?
Two species that had different ancestors but due to living in the same environment, they look alike such as the dolphin and shark.
What is DIVERGENT evolution?
Two or more species have the same ancestor but have branched off into new species.

25. What type of evolution is this when one species must evolve along with another for survival?
Coevolution