1. Meth exposure during training diminishes the rate of extinction.
Meth exposure during training diminishes the rate of extinction. (Top) Experimental protocol. Data are mean ± s.e.m. for number of pneumostome openings. (A) Water: operantly conditioned and pooled Water controls (freely behaving + yoked; N=24). (B) Exposure to 1.0 μmol l−1 Meth during Trial 1 and Trial 2: operantly conditioned and pooled Meth controls (N=24). (C) Exposure to 3.3 μmol l−1 Meth during Trial 1 and Trial 2: operantly conditioned and pooled Meth controls (N=16). Data for operantly conditioned snails are taken from Fig. 2 (see Fig. 2 for the number of snails in these groups). (D) Number of pneumostome openings in all three operantly conditioned treatment groups was normalized to the percentage of their own pooled responses. Operantly conditioned snails in all three treatment groups demonstrated extinction from Extinction 1 to Extinction 3. By contrast, yoked and freely behaving snails did not alter the number of pneumostome openings across sessions. A main treatment effect in D is due to a decrease in the rate of extinction in the 3.3 μmol l−1 Meth group. *P<0.05, compared with Extinction 1 session within the same treatment group; ‡P<0.05, compared with operantly conditioned group during the same session.
Colin D. Kennedy et al. J Exp Biol 2010;213:
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