1. Lesson 1

2. What is Earth?
A group of systems made of different materials that work in different ways
Air, Water, Land, Life
Biosphere – the system that contains all living things
Atmosphere – the mixture of gases that forms a thin layer around Earth
Hydrosphere – the system containing all Earth’s water
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3. How much water? 1.3 billion cubic kilometers
Ocean – largest bodies of water with lots of dissolved minerals, salt water, 97%
Freshwater – 3% of Earth’s water; 79% of which is frozen and 20% is in the ground
Surface water – 87% lakes; 2% rivers
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4. More spheres
Groundwater – water stored in cracks and pores beneath Earth’s surface
Cryosphere – the frozen portion of water on Earth’s surface
Geosphere – the solid part of Earth; rock and soil
Minerals – naturally occurring, inorganic solids that have crystal structures and definite chemical compositions
Rock – a naturally occurring solid composed of minerals and sometimes other materials such as organic matter
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5. Earths’ Structure
Crust
Mantle
Core

6. Lesson 2

7. Water Cycle
the continuous movement of water on, above, and below Earth’s surface
Evaporation – the process by which a liquid, such as water, changes into a gas
Transpiration – the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves
Condensation – the process by which a gas changes into a liquid
Precipitation – moisture that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface
75% of precipitation falls into the ocean

8. Review
Weather – the state of the atmosphere at a certain time and place
Temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, clouds
Influenced by conditions in the geosphere and hydrosphere
Climate – the average weather pattern for a region over a long period of time

9. Rock cycle
the series of processes that transport and continually change rocks into different forms
Cooling and crystallization
Magma
Uplift – the process that moves large bodies of Earth materials to higher elevations

10. Rock Cycle (cont) Weathering and erosion Deposition
Compaction and cementation
High temperatures and pressure
Process – a natural phenomenon marked by gradual changes that lead toward a particular result