1. Intro

2. What’s the difference between you and your book?
Atoms vs cells
Why isn’t your book alive?
It’s not made of cells. What is your book made of?
What are cells made of?
What are cells?

3. (This should look familiar)
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Cell organelles (nucleus)
Macromolecules (proteins)
molecules
atoms

4. What is a Cell?
The basic unit of structure and function of living things
Robert Hooke (1665)
By looking at a sliver of cork (made from a tree) he noticed “pores” or “cells”
Thought these once contained “stuff that kept the tree alive”
Thought they were only found in plants
He is credited with discovering the cell (important)

5. Cork Cells under a microscope
*not living cells. rather the remaining cell walls from cells that used to be alive

6. The wacky history of cell theory
Holds true for ALL living things.
3 parts
1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
3. Living cells come only from other living cells
In a process known as mitosis (which we will learn about later)

7. Can cells live independently?
Yes. They are called unicellular (single celled) organisms. Bacteria are also single celled organisms.

8. But most do not live independently…
Most are called “multi-cellular” organisms.
You are a multi-cellular organism
Most life that can be seen with the naked eye is multicellular

9. Structure and Function
Structures that make up the cells are called organelles.
Means “tiny organs”
These organs make it possible for the cell to function in the way it needs.

10. Organs Cell Wall – found only in plant cells!
Rigid and strong. Made of cellulose
Helps protect and support the plant so it can grow tall
Stringy part of celery is cellulose (what cell wall is made of)
Though strong and rigid, it still allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and certain other materials to pass into and out of the cell.

11. What is this?

12. Cell Membrane (found in both animal and plant cells)
Outermost membrane of animal cells
Just inside the cell wall of plant cells
Cell membrane (in an animal cell) contains cholesterol. It helps strengthen the cell
Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell through tiny openings, called pores (transport proteins)

13. Cell Membrane (cont)
Think of it as your home. You need to be able to get in and out of your house.
You need to remove the waste products before they build up.
Need to get food, water, and oxygen into house for survival.
Membrane is “Selectively Permeable” (not in notes)
membrane that will allow certain molecules to pass through it

14. Nucleus (found in both)
Control center of the cell
“Brain” of the cell
Contains chromosomes (46 separate chromosomes to be exact)
Chromosomes single handedly direct all activities of the cell, including growth and reproduction.
Hair Color

15. Nucleus (cont)
Chromosomes make sure skin cells grow and divide into more skin cells.
Same for eye cells, muscle cells, bone cells, etc
Chromosomes made from compounds called nucleic acids (DNA)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

16. Nucleus (cont)
Nucleic Acids store information that help a cell make proteins.
Proteins are necessary for life
2 types of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA

17. mitochondria Power plants of the cell.
Food substances (from eating) are broken down into water and carbon dioxide gas.
Large amounts of energy are released during this breakdown of substances
Mitochondria gather that energy and store it for when the cell needs it
Look like a kidney bean
Chalk talk

18. Virus Video. Shows ribosomes
Protein factory of the cell.
Many many many ribosomes in each cell.
Without ribosomes, we couldn’t make proteins
Float freely in the cytoplasm

19. Lysosomes-only in animal cells
Clean up crew (lysol-lysosome)
Contain acid
Digest old cell parts
Allows those parts to be recycled to be made into new ones
Lysosomes in a tadpole “digest” the tadpoles tail and reuse the material to make new frog parts

20. Vacuoles-found in animal and plant
In animal cells
Gather and release cellular waste
In plant cells (much larger in plant cells)
Gather water and make plants swell and plump (healthy)
What happens when you don’t water plants?

21. Endoplasmic reticulum
Maze of tubular passageways
Acts like a highway. It’s a transportation system to get proteins where they need to be.

22. Chloroplasts-only found in plant cells
Green!
Contain chlorophyll
Helps capture energy from the sunlight to help produce food for plants.
Glucose
sugar