1. Chapter 1
Matter and Change

2. Section 1-1: Chemistry is a Physical Science
Chemistry - the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

3. Branches of Chemistry Organic-carbon containing compounds
Inorganic-compounds with no carbon
Physical-energy relationships
Analytical-composition and components
Biochemistry-chemistry of living things
Theoretical-uses math and computers to predict chemical behaviors.

4. Three types of research
Basic research-increases knowledge
Applied research-solves a problem
Technological development-production of a product that improves the quality of life

5. Section 1-2: Matter and Its Properties
Mass
Matter

6. Basic building Blocks of Matter
Atom
Element
Compound

7. Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

8. Properties of Matter Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter present
Intensive Property
depends on the identity of substance, not the amount

9. Examples:
boiling point
volume
mass
density
conductivity
intensive
extensive

10. Properties Examples: melting point flammable density magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical

11. Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
properties remain the same
Chemical Change
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties
Also known as a chemical reaction

12. Changes Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical

13. Four States of Matter Solids
very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume

14. Liquids
low KE - particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume

15. Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume

16. Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variable shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs

17. MATTER MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no Homogeneous Mixture (solution)
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
Is the composition uniform?

18. Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

19. Mixtures Solution homogeneous very small particles no Tyndall effect
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol

20. Pure Substances Element composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

21. Pure Substances Compound
composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)

22. Sect. 1-3: Elements All found on periodic table
Organized into groups/families (vertical) and periods (horizontal)
Elements in a group have similar properties

23. Types of Elements Metals Shiny Lustrous Conduct heat and electricity
Malleable
ductile

24. Nonmetals
Many are gases
Solids are brittle
Low conductivity
Metalloids
Some characteristics of metals, some of nonmetals
semiconductors