1. Add 4 µl loading dye to each sample
Load 10 µl in wells 1-5
Load 10 µl marker DNA in lane 6
80 volts for 5’, 150 volts

2. Possible Projects
Studying potential of Rhodopseudomonas (a.k.a. Rhodobacter) for biophotovoltaics
Rosenbaum M, Schro¨ der U, Scholz F: In situ electrooxidation of photobiological hydrogen in a photobiological fuel cell based on Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:

3. Possible Projects
2. Studying Cyanobacteria for biophotovoltaics
Finding new ones
Tweaking knowns

4. Possible Projects
3. Studying algae for biophotovoltaics
especially under CO2 deprivation

5. Possible Projects
4. Studying plants for biophotovoltaics
Roots under hypoxia
Aquatics under CO2 deprivation

6. Possible Projects
5. Engineering the production of other novel products

7. General principle: transfer e- from food to anode via direct contact, nanowires or a mediator. H+ diffuse to cathode to join e- forming H2O

8. We need to make or
acquire some electrodes!
bacteria, cyanobacteria
or green algae can coat
Uses 2-hydroxy-1,4
-naphtoquinone as shuttle

9. We need to make or acquire some electrodes!
bacteria, cyanobacteria or green algae can coat
Uses 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone as shuttle
b) H2- generating microbes, electrocatalytic anode
Chlamydomonas made more H2 when H2 was rapidly removed.

10. We need to make or acquire some electrodes!
bacteria, cyanobacteria or green algae can coat
Uses 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone as shuttle
b) H2- generating cyanobacteria, electrocatalytic anode
c) Phototrophic microbes and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments

11. We need to make or acquire some electrodes!
bacteria, cyanobacteria or green algae can coat
Uses 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone as shuttle
b) H2- generating microbes, electrocatalytic anode
c) Phototrophic microbes and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments
d) Plants and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments

12. Uses 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone as shuttle
b) H2- generating microbes, electrocatalytic anode
c) Phototrophic microbes and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments
d) Plants and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments
e) Ex situ photosynthesis coupled with mixed
heterotrophic bacteria at a dark anode

13. Uses 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone as shuttle
b) H2- generating microbes, electrocatalytic anode
c) Phototrophic microbes and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments
d) Plants and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments
e) Ex situ photosynthesis coupled with mixed
heterotrophic bacteria at a dark anode
f) Direct electron transfer between photosynthetic bacteria and electrodes

14. Uses 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone as shuttle
b) H2- generating microbes, electrocatalytic anode
c) Phototrophs & mixed heterotrophs in sediments
d) Plants and mixed heterotrophic bacteria in sediments
e) Ex situ photosynthesis & mixed heterotrophs
f) Direct e transfer between phototrophs and electrodes
g) Use photosynthesis to generate O2 at the cathode

15. We need to make or acquire some electrodes!
bacteria, cyanobacteria or green algae can coat

16. We need to make or acquire some electrodes!
That bacteria, cyanobacteria or green algae can coat
That roots can coat

17. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?

18. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
Identify a suitable candidate organism or consortium

19. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
Identify a suitable candidate organism or consortium
Must be tractable to bioengineering

20. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
Identify a suitable candidate organism or consortium
Must be tractable to bioengineering
Must be able to be genetically transformed

21. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
Identify a suitable candidate organism or consortium
Must be tractable to bioengineering
Must be able to be genetically transformed
Bioengineering is changing an organism’s genotype by adding DNA encoding specific functions!

22. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
Identify a suitable candidate organism or consortium
Must be tractable to bioengineering
Must be able to be genetically transformed
Bioengineering is changing an organism’s genotype by adding DNA encoding specific functions!
Sequences must function in the new host

23. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
Identify a suitable candidate organism or consortium
Must be tractable to bioengineering
Must be able to be genetically transformed
Bioengineering is changing an organism’s genotype by adding DNA encoding specific functions!
Sequences must function in the new host
Must contain binding sites for the host regulatory proteins

24. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
Identify a suitable candidate organism or consortium
Must be tractable to bioengineering
Must be able to be genetically transformed
Bioengineering is changing an organism’s genotype by adding DNA encoding specific functions!
2. Sequences must function in the new host
Must be replicated

25. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
2. Sequences must function in the new host
Must be replicated
Either insert into chromosome

26. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
2. Sequences must function in the new host
Must be replicated
Either insert into chromosome, or replicate extrachromasomally (i.e. as a plasmid)

27. How to bioengineer a novel bio-photovoltaic system?
2. Sequences must function in the new host
Must be replicated
Either insert into chromosome, or replicate extrachromasomally (i.e. as a plasmid)
Must have origin of replication that functions in new host (highly species-specific in bacteria)