1. I. Prokaryotes
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla

2. A. Characteristics of Bacteria
Unicellular- only one cell
Prokaryotic- lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

3. 3. Form
Bacillus- rod shaped
Spirilla- spiral shaped
Cocci- spherical

4. 4. Nutrition
Autotrophs- carry on photosynthesis (cyanobacteria: Blue-green algae)
Chemotrophs- use compounds of methane, sulfur and iron to produce energy (Some members of the Archaea Domain)
Heterotrophs- both saprophytes (decay dead organisms and wastes) and parasites (live off of other living things). Most Eubacteria

5. 5. Movement
gliding on slime
twisting in a corkscrew fashion
Flagella
some don't move

6. 6. Ecological Roles Decomposers- decay dead things
Pathogens- cause disease

7. 7. Distribution
Everywhere

8. Lab Conclusion: Where did you expose your petri dish?
Why did you think there would be bacteria present there?
Was bacteria present?
What are the conditions most favorable for bacteria growth.
Where can we conclude bacteria lives?

9. 8. Respiration Obligated aerobes- must have oxygen to survive
Obligated anaerobes- cannot tolerate oxygen
Facultative anaerobes- can use fermentation in the absence of oxygen

10. 9. Reproduction Binary Fission- asexual cell division
Conjugation- exchange of a plasmid through a cytoplasmic extension called a sex pili
Transduction- bacteria viruses called phages can transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another
Transformation- transfer of naked DNA from the environment to a live bacteria

11. B. Structure of Bacteria* * * *

12. C. How Bacteria Affect Other Organisms

13. 1. Helpful Bacteria Bacteria in the intestine help digest food
Bacteria help in production of cheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, and sauerkraut.
Bacteria decompose dead organisms
Some bacteria help plants by Nitrogen Fixation

14. 2. Harmful Bacteria
5% of bacteria are Pathogens - disease causing organisms
Disease is caused by attacking cells directly or the production of toxins- poisons

15. 3. Protection against bacteria
Antibiotics- chemicals produced by fungus that inhibit bacterial growth or kill the bacteria.
Penicillin- first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1929.