1. Objective: Origin of Life and Classification
Essential Question: How does science help us explain how all life came to be on Earth and how new discoveries have helped us to redefine the classification of organisms?

2. What role does molecular evidence play in determining how closely two species are related to each other?
Bellringer: pg 144 ISN

3. For this two day lesson cycle you will use your own personalized menu as a way to keep track of the assignments that are expected of you.
Some are whole group—and everyone will be required to complete them
Some are small group
Some are individual
Some I have chosen for you and others you have choice options
MENU LESSON

4. Origins of Life Words to Know
Phylogeny—the evolutionary history for a group of organisms. Classification according to how organisms are related uses evidence from living species, the fossil record and molecular data. Cladogram—An evolutionary tree that proposes how species may be related through common ancestors. Derived Character—Traits that are shared by some organisms but not present in others. Nodes—Each place where a branch splits on a Cladogram
Origins of Life Words to Know

6. Carolus Linnaeas—A Swedish botanist who derived a standardized way to classify living things.
Taxon—A group of organisms in a classification system . The most basic taxon in the Linnaean System is SPECIES
Binomial Nomenclature—A two part scientific naming system. In Latin. Uses the Genus name and the Species name. Genus is Capitalized; species is lowercase.
Classification

8. Bellringer Top of Pg 147 ISN
According to this Cladogram what characteristics would you expect the Tuna to have?
The Turtle?

9. Linnaean Classification REVIEW QUESTIONS
The correct order for the levels of Linnaeus’s classification system, from general to specific, is
kingdom, species, class order, family, genus, phylum.
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
phylum, kingdom, family, class, order, genus, species.
species, genus, kingdom, family, order, class, phylum.
2. Which of the following is correctly written in the binomial nomenclature system?
Canis lupus
Red wolf
Ailurus Fulgens
kingdom
3. Which of the following taxa would generally contain the most members?
order
species
phylum
class
Linnaean Classification REVIEW QUESTIONS

10. Origins of Life Bellringer: Pg 153 in your ISN
What are the essential ingredients for life as we know it?
Can you remember the important organic molecules?
Origins of Life Bellringer: Pg 153 in your ISN

11. DOMAINS and KINGDOMS Classification is always a work in progress
New findings can lead scientists to change how they classify living things
REVIEW VOCAB:
PROKARYOTES vs EUKARYOTES
HETEROTROPH vs AUTOTROPH
DOMAINS and KINGDOMS

12. Changes in the Kingdoms
2 kingdom system was accepted by scientists until when German biologist proposed moving all single celled organisms to Protist group.
In 1938 American biologist Herbert Copeland argued that prokaryotes deserved their own kingdom, called Monera, based on whether to not they had membrane bound nuclei/organelles
In 1959 American ecologist Robert Whittaker proposed that because of how they feed, fungi should have their own kingdom apart from plants.
In 1977 rRNA research by Carl Woese reveled two genetically different groups of prokaryotes—leading to a split in that kingdom. Scientists split that kingdom in two—Bacteria and Archaea
Changes in the Kingdoms

13. DOMAINS are added to taxonomy
Woese’s findings led to the discovery that these organisms, Bacteria and Archea were so genetically different that the other kingdoms that a whole new taxonomy level was added— DOMAIN
DOMAINS are added to taxonomy

14. The domain Bacteria include single celled prokaryotes
The domain Bacteria include single celled prokaryotes. They are the largest group of organisms on earth. There are more bacteria in one persons mouth than there are people that ever lived!
Bacteria can be classified based on many traits— examples: Shape, need for oxygen and whether or not they cause disease.
BACTERIA

15. Like Bacteria Archaea are also single celled prokaryotes
Like Bacteria Archaea are also single celled prokaryotes. However their cell wall chemistry is very different.
Archaea can live in very extreme conditions such as Deep Sea Vents, Hot Geysers, Antarctic waters and salt lakes
ARCHAEA

16. EUKARYOTES All organisms with Eukaryotic cells
They have a distinct nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
They may be single celled like most protists, or live in colonies like algea or multicellular like you.
The DOMAIN Eukarya contains 4 kingdoms—Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
EUKARYOTES

17. YOUR ASSIGNMENT RESEARCH THE KINGDOMS
Choose a group of three other students. Together you will learn about the 4 KINGDOMS
Each one of you will choose a specialty Kingdom and research it in the text book and follow the directions on your handout about creating a poster to teach the other members of your group.
After 30 minutes you will return to your group and teach the others about your kingdom. Each student will take notes into their ISN following the template on the board.
YOUR ASSIGNMENT