1. Jean-Louis Weber Spatial Analysis Group European Environment Agency
WORKSHOP "Preliminary definition by CNES of a space system dedicated to GMES land applications and services" Thursday 24 March 2005, CNES Headquarters, Paris EEA’s requirements for European assessments of the Environment
Jean-Louis Weber
Spatial Analysis Group
European Environment Agency
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

2. EEA in the GMES “diamond” as in COM(2004) 65 final
Assessments
Data service
EIONET
REPORTNET
European
User
Information system, GIS,
Environmental Accounts
Scenarios
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

3. EEA’s requirements for European assessments of the Environment
A satellite for Europe
Spatial/spectral resolution
SPOT/LAND type
Enhanced MERIS / MIR & Multi Angular Viewing
Temporal resolution
Daily
Data access & service
Free access
Pre-processed products / 1 day - 10 days - 1 month synthesis
Periodical European-wide coverage
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

4. EEA’s expectations to space monitoring for European assessments
Secure the continuation of Corine land cover (the backbone of the system)
High resolution, medium infrared, free access pre-processed data, EU full coverage 5 years
Supply assessment of texture/ structure elements:
Parcel borders and small linear features: same as 1, enhanced panchromatic
Vegetation structure of forests & open landscape: medium resolution, multi-angle imaging
Permanent monitoring of:
Vegetation, phenological cycles
Primary & ecosystem productivity
Water in soil, irrigation
Temporary humidity, wetlands
Conversions pasture-arable land
Floods, storms, forest fires
Medium resolution (300m), medium infrared, 10 days synthesis
Monitoring of main land cover change between 2 CLCs
Aggregated land cover accounts, not the full CLC resolution (tests with GLOBCOVER2005)
Medium resolution (300m), EU full coverage 3 years
Support to European Neighbourhood (Pan-Eur. & Medit.) and Global Solidarity policies
Same as 4, every 5 years
 Medium resolution (300m), World full coverage 5 years
Development of targeted land services & coordination with the European perspective (risk based data management)
Multiple requirement
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

5. Main policy focus 6th EAP & most thematic strategies
Water framework directive: river basin management, ecological monitoring
Natura 2000: pressure by land use, connectivity…
Biodiversity: ecosystem based approach
Land planning: ESDP/ESPON, ICZM, Urban strategy, Regional policies, transport
Agriculture-environment
Sustainable development: Natural Capital issue
Access to European pertinent environmental information by all levels of governance and citizens
Focus on priorities: “risk based data collection”
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

6. Integrated spatial assessment at the EEA
Land use systems: urban, agriculture, forestry, transport…
Ecosystems: wetlands, dry grasslands, forests, agro-ecosystems, water ecosystems…
Water systems (water bodies): groundwater, rivers, lakes, coastal water…
Landscapes where 1, 2, 3 interact: landscape types, ecological corridors…
Data assimilation with
GIS (CLC, WISE, INSPIRE…)
Environmental accounting (physical & monetary)
Stratification(s) of site monitoring data
Data modelling
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

7. Spatial integration of data on land cover & Natura 2000
Ecological corridors are fragmented by roads, railways, dams, and urban sprawl, which partition Natura2000 sites from other sites and ecosystems. In addition to losses of habitats, species trend to be isolated and therefore endangered.
Urban sprawl
over semi-natural
land
Spatial integration of data on land cover & Natura 2000
Legend
Natura 2000 sites
Landscape Natural Potential
Total urban sprawl
Roads
Main message:
Ecological corridors are fragmented by roads, railways, dams, and urban sprawl, which partition Natura2000 sites from other sites and ecosystems. In addition to losses of habitats, species trend to be isolated and therefore endangered.
Source: EEA/Corine land cover / Land Accounts Project
Provisional results
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

8. Integration in SEEA’s Land & Ecosystem Accounts
Land use
economic &
social
functions
Artificiality
of land
Intensity
of use
Production &
Consumption
Natural Assets
Population
Infrastructures
& Technologies
Soil
Flora & Fauna
Water system
Atmosphere/
Climate
Ecosystem
services
potentials
Integrity, health
& viability
Vulnerability
LAND USE ACCOUNTS
ECOSYSTEM ACCOUNTS
CORE LAND COVER ACCOUNT
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

9. Land and ecosystem accounts…
…measure stocks as well as change due to gains and losses (flows)
…are made of
Land Cover Accounts
Land Use Accounts
Ecosystem Accounts
Land cover account, Comunidad de Madrid,
Source: Corine land cover
Land COVER accounts are implemented at the EEA from CLC2000
…are part of the UN system of environmental & economic accounting
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

10. Individual v.s. geo-statistical monitoring/ accounting
(courtesy Danube Delta National Institute)
WETLANDS 1990 OF N-W EUROPE EEA/ETCTE
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

11. Individual v.s. geo-statistical monitoring/ accounting
For Europe, about urban zones...
MOLAND monitors 50 cities at present
Legend:
Urban fabric
Green urban area
500 m belt
Copenhagen: green urban areas and the 500m belts around them
(courtesy MOLAND/ JRC IES)
...of which 900 urban morphological zones > inhab.
UMZ 1990 > inhabitants – EEA / ETCTE
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

12. Stratification issue: “natural length scales”
Space/time dynamics of a system
Noise vs. signal, monitoring of trends
Improved correlations
Space
CLC & CLC change as a spatial infrastructure
Other geographical infrastructure: rivers, catchments, NUTS/LAU, transport, soil… (INSPIRE)
Landscape modelling
Targeted land cover mapping large scale): cities, protected areas…
Time
Time cycles: 1 day, 10 days, 1 month, 1 season, 1 year, 3 years, 10 years, 30 years…
Short cycles matter: meteorology, soil humidity, phenology…
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

13. N surplus calculation (based on Agri-stats, CLC and Ifen /EEA model)
Spatial stratification and modelling (e.g., N surplus calculation vs. strata)
N surplus calculation (based on Agri-stats, CLC and Ifen /EEA model)
DF, national criteria and thresholds
Key message: landscape patterns is one information that does not necessarily reflects actual pressure
Drivers are used to design network because they are stable vs. Water composition. Hence, a monitoring point belong to the same stratum during a long period. On the contrary, pressures (emissions for example) may vary rapidly within a stratum, because WWTP are installed and operated.
The maps show clearly that intense agriculture (driver) and surplus (pressure) does not match precisely, because livestock number, agricultural practices, etc. are not in total harmony.
This is the case illustrated by the three arrows:
In Brittany, surplus and potential pressure do match.
In North of central mountains, high livestock potential pressure does not result in surplus because the way of breeding
In the Roussilon coastal area, despite low potential pressure, local high surplus densities are observed.
A complementary way to compare results (state / impact) with pressures is to combine flux (mass loads) and emissions and reconcile loads from both sources.
Stratification
(with Agri.Stats, CLC & Population)
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

14. Time stratification: e.g. water resource/demand
Mean annual values may tell the same stories (i.e. no water shortage in the river)…
… for very different conditions. Variability matters…
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

15. Integration of space monitoring into ecosystem accounting: CLC as a directory x structure/texture stratification x short time variability
Vegetation productivity, seasonal change (MERIS/JRC-IES)
Fires Droughts (SPOT4-Vegetation/ CNES – Vito)
Forest structure (MODIS-Multi-angle/JRC-IES)
Texture, parcelisation changes 1988 – 1998 (Landsat/JRC-IES)
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

16. Integrated land cover, land use and ecosystem monitoring & accounting – a nested approach
T T T T+10 1/
Corine Land Cover (EU/Countries, Regions, Basins, Ecological corridors) 1/
(LC main trends, Vegetation & Humidity + Pan-European, Global …)
Fauna, Flora,
Physico-Chemical
parameters
Socio-
Economic
Statistics
In situ monitoring
1/25 or
(Cities, Natura2000 sites, coastal zones, risk areas)
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting

17. “Do the proposed space solutions fulfil the European user requirements
Thursday 24 March 2005
CNES – GMES meeting