1. BACTERIA

2. Kingdom Eubacteria (True Bacteria)
everywhere – air, water, land, and living organisms including people.
General Characteristics:
1. unicellular (one-celled)
2. prokaryotic – no nucleus (no nuclear envelope)
3. cell walls – NO cellulose in cell walls
4. aerobic (with O2) and anaerobic (w/O2)
- depends on species

3. Bacteria – Different shapes
Coccus
(Sphere-shaped)
Ex: Streptococcus
Bacilli
(rod-shaped)
Ex: Lactobacillus
Spirillum
(Spiral-shaped)
Ex: Spirillum

4. What shape?
bacillus
spirillum
coccus
spirillum
coccus
bacillus

5. Nutrition and Digestion
Heterotrophic (other-feeding)
Photoheterotrophic (other and auto)
Photoautotroph (photosynthesize & has chloroplast)
Chemoautotroph (eats – chemicals – useful for environmental cleanup)
Digestion (extra-cellular)

6. Reproduction
* Binary fission (mitosis copy divide…)
* Asexual

7. Bacteria are much larger in size than viruses.

8. Causes Disease by:
1. Destroying cells of infected organisms by breaking the cells down for food.

9. Anthrax Tetanus 2. RELEASING TOXIN–
Examples: Botulism, tetanus, Staphylococcus aureus
ANEROBIC BACTERIS – TOXIN IN IMPROPERLY CANNED FOODS
Tetanus

10. Different Hosts

11. Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Infections
Hygiene (washing hands)
Sanitation (drinking clean water and waste water treatment in area)
Diet, rest, safe-sex or no- sex)
Treatment: Antibiotics, rest, fluids,

12. Antibiotic Resistance
Natural Selection Bacteria most resistant to antibiotics survive, pass along their resistant trait.
Three methods of bacteria sharing genes – - conjugation - transformation - transduction
Antibiotic Resistance

13. Example: E. coli Cytoplasm Genetic Material Cell Wall Cell Membrane
Flagella
Example: E. coli

14. Antibiotic Resistance Activity
Complete Chip – Antibiotic Resistance Lab

15. Antibiotic Resistance Video

16. Create a Superbug Bacterial Cell
Choose one of the shapes and
Draw the shape- take up about ½ the paper.

17. CELL WALL
Around the cell membrane just drawn, add the cell wall components- Choose one or both gram + or gram –

18. Step 3, 4, 5
Move along and add DNA into a region. Remember in prokaryotic cells the DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus like in eukaryotic cells.

20. Beneficial Uses
Decomposer - breakdown dead matter to recycle nutrients into ecosystem -

21. Example: Compost piles need microorganisms (ex
Example: Compost piles need microorganisms (ex. bacteria) to decompose (breakdown) matter.

22. Making Food- bacteria in 2:08 minute video
yogurt, sour cream and cheese

23. Environmental Cleanup -
Oil spills – some bacteria can digest small oil spills and other chemical contamination

24. Genetic Engineering
- Using bacteria to manufacture proteins for genetic disorders (insulin, growth hormone, clotting factor)

25. symbiotic relationship – Host/bacteria benefit (your microbiome)
Example: E. coli in intestines helps us digest food and make vitamins (such as Vitamin K and B-complex) In return, human intestines provide food and shelter for bacteria.
(This strain of E. coli is different from the E. coli strain that causes food poisoning.)

26. 3:07 minute video

27. 3:15 minute video

28. Geyser Salt Lake City Kingdom Archaebacteria First known prokaryotes-
Archaebacteria (archae=ancient)
b. Live in very harsh environments
(known as extremophiles)– high salt content, hot temperatures, acidic or alkaline environments
Hydrothermal vents

29. 3:12 minute video

30. c. intestines of
animals, especially
cows and other
grazing animals –
methanogens
Produce methane gas – greatly affects our atmosphere by combining with O2 to make CO2 for photosynthesis
d. Same size and
shape as Eubacteria,
but different
biochemical makeup
methanogenic archaebacteria

31. Importance of Microflora
Watch Nova Movie – “What’s Living In you?” and complete worksheet