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NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team Meeting , Santa Rosa, August 2018

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Presentation on theme: "NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team Meeting , Santa Rosa, August 2018"— Presentation transcript:

1 NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team Meeting , Santa Rosa, August 2018
Investigating unusual slope water transport into the coastal Gulf of Maine using SMAP surface salinity anomaly observations S. Grodsky1, D. Vandemark2, H. Feng2, J. Wilkin3, J. Levin3, and A. Lopez ESSIC, University of Maryland, MD, USA 2Ocean Process Analysis Lab ,University of New Hampshire, NH, USA 3Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA The event An inflow of unusually salty warm surface water entered the coastal Gulf of Maine in winter This event was observed in situ by buoys, by satellite salinity sensors (SMAP and SMOS), and also in the DOPPIO regional forecast model Largest such salt anomaly observed in at least 16 years at buoy site – low nutrient levels seen as well The origin of this warm and salty water is still a puzzle We are using the Coastal DOPPIO ROMS model that assimilates both coastal and offshore altimeter and SST data, to help better diagnose coastal circulation dynamics Satellite-observed anomaly in Jan-Feb 2018 inside Gulf of Maine Salty, warm water intrudes into GoM, peaking in late Jan. Event extends to interior NERACOOS Buoy M01 location Altimeter currents indicate increased GoM inflow BUOY M01 – NERACOOS hourly data A strong positive salinity anomaly exceeding 1 psu observed from Nov Feb 2018 at M01 Anomaly extends to 50 m depth but not 100m Anomaly magnitude consistent with collocated monthly SMAP (and SMOS) satellite SSSA Long-term record at 20m shows this as largest positive anomaly since at least 2003 Scotian Shelf OSTIA SST Anomalies & OSCAR currents > 1 m/s SMAP SSS Anomalies & OSCAR currents Scotian Shelf Shelf Break Front Gulf of Maine Buoy M01 and SMAP Gulf Stream largest positive S anomaly at M01 since at least 2003 largest positive S anomaly at M01 since at least 2003 Origin – is it advected warm core Gulf Stream water? DOPPIO model including Coastal Satellite Data Assimilation Model details Regional ROMS forecast/hindcast system at 7 km resolution with 4DVAR data assimilation including SST and altimetry BUT no satellite or buoy salinity data Altimeter inputs critical for eddy field Is altimetry helping along the coast for this event? Posterior analysis of observation impacts is planned for this event What we want to know from model Which inflow pathways to GoM controlled this event? When/where does the slope water get onto the shelf? Why does the S/T anomaly extend to only 100m depth? Is this water of Gulf Stream origin or is it Atlantic slope water? What is unusual about the dynamics for this wintertime intrusion? Warm core eddies move west along shelf break front Hovmuller(using SMAP SSS data) indicates slow moving feature 1-2 km/day starting April 2017 and onto Typical eddy speeds here are 3-5 km/day Spatial mapping (SMAP, below right) from Apr 2017-Feb 2018 shows coherent +S feature moves down the coast to lie in front of GoM in Oct.-Nov. 2017 Warm core eddies do not typically move onto the shelf near GoM. The Nov. –Feb. SSA data indicate otherwise Can the model help to explain? (left) Hovmuller diagram of SSS and SST anomalies along shelf break front. Note strong + SSS at end of (below) Avg. winter SSS and surface currents in region. (b) Altimeter SSHA data ingested by DOPPIO biweekly before event Satellite SSSA and SSTA, Jan. 2018 Model SSSA and SSTA, Jan. 2018 SSTA SSSA Focus period and area near shelf break Model Salinity and Temperature Anomalies at Key Inflow Sites Top right: Northeast Channel (NEC) Bottom Right: North Channel on Scotian Shelf - DOPPIO data indicate strong positive SSS in Jan 2018 in both possible Gulf of Maine inflow pathways - Trapped near surface for the NEC – consistent with M01 buoy data Monthly Evolution of Salinity Anomaly in N. Channel (inflow to Gulf of Maine): Oct Feb 2018 Model shows a clear presence of the positive anomaly near the surface and the coast staring in Oct. 2017 Stays along shore and near surface into Dec. A likely source into GoM surface waters Nov-Jan. Is the near coast Oct captured with help of coastal altimeter data? TBD Conclusions and Next Steps SMAP SSSA data is used to detect a large near-coastal increase in salinity that intruded into the G. Maine in Jan – agreeing with buoy observations (Grodsky et al., submitted) SMAP data also show an offshore warm-core type feature that is the likely source for this inflow – tracking back 9 months to April 2017 A preliminary look at the DOPPIO-ROMS model suggest the analysis tracks well with satellite surface fields to capture the spatial and temporal changes tied to the exceptional Gulf of Maine salinity anomaly observed in winter The model (at right) already helps to identify relative timing and transport associated with the offshore eddy field and its advection onto the shelf Model simulations to resolve advective pathways using passive tracers are in progress Scotian Shelf Coastal Current DOPPIO SSSA Depth (m) References Feng, H., D. Vandemark, and J. Wilkin (2016), Gulf of Maine salinity variation and its correlation with upstream Scotian Shelf currents at seasonal and interannual time scales, J. Geophys. Res.Oceans, 121, 8585–8607. Grodsky, S., D. Vandemark, H. Feng, J. Levin (submitted), Satellite detection of an unusual intrusion of salty slope water into a marginal sea: using SMAP to monitor Gulf of Maine inflows, Rem. Sens. Envir. Acknowledgements Work is funded through NOAA NESDIS and the NASA Science Mission Directorate and NASA Ocean Surface Topography and Salinity Science Teams. SSSA SSTA NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team Meeting , Santa Rosa, August 2018

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