1. Unit 4 - Lesson 14: Third Party Involvement in Conflict
In this lesson we will consider the roles that may be played by third parties in conflicts.
We will look at three different - although related - scenarios:
Weapons embargoes
Financial freezes
Trade limitations

2. Third Party Involvement in Conflict
Discuss Political Cartoon

3. Third Party Involvement
in Conflict
Weapon (arms) Embargo
A weapon (arms) embargo may refer simply to weaponry or to what is sometimes referred to as dual - use technology.

4. Third Party Involvement in Conflict
There are three potential aims to an embargo of this nature:
to signal disapproval of behavior by a certain actor
to maintain neutral standing in an ongoing conflict
to limit the resources an actor has to inflict violence on others

5. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Click on the link below to take a look at the list of all the current arms embargoes in place around the world.
With a partner, answer the following questions:
What patterns can you see on the list?
Are there any countries on the list that surprise you?
Any countries missing that you think should be on the list?
Choose one of the countries on the list and try to find out more about any weapons embargo in place against that state.

6. UN Security Council renews arms embargo against Somalia, Eritrea
Watch video & discuss.

7. Third Party Involvement in Conflict
A financial freeze is a simple enough concept in theory, although in practice it can be somewhat more complicated.

8. Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation of HM Treasury
in the U.K.
Definition of financial sanctions:
‘Financial sanctions are restrictions put in place by the U.K. government or the multilateral organizations that limit the provision of certain financial services or restrict access to financial markets, funds and economic resources in order to achieve a specific foreign policy or national security objective.’

9. Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation of HM Treasury
in the U.K.
Financial sanctions are generally imposed in order to:
Coerce a regime, or individuals within a regime into changing their behavior or aspects of it (“offending behavior”), by increasing the cost on them to such an extent that they decide to cease the offending behavior.
Constrain a target by trying to deny them access to key resources needed to continue their offending behavior, including the financing of terrorism or nuclear proliferation

10. Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation of HM Treasury
in the U.K.
Signal disapproval of a target as a way of stigmatizing and potentially isolating them, or as a way of sending broader political messages to international or domestic constituencies
Protect the value of assets that have been misappropriated from a country, until such point as they can be repatriated.

11. Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation of HM Treasury
in the U.K.
You can find the full document from OFSI in the link below:
_-_guidance_-_december_2016.pdf
You should read pages 4-5 now to ensure you have an overview of what financial sanctions are and why they may be applied.
You have 15 minutes to work in pairs to identify at least 2 case studies that you can use to support your understanding of financial sanctions.

12. Third Party Involvement in Conflict
Trade restrictions are restrictions on trade between two countries or, very often, between a target country - such as North Korea - and a group of other countries such as the EU.
Take a look at the attached guide to trade restrictions on North Korea from the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
embargo-on-democratic-peoples-republic-of- korea-north-korea

13. Third Party Involvement in Conflict
Individually, using the information in the guide to trade restrictions on North Korea, as well as other sources and your own knowledge, draft a plan to answer the following question:
‘To what extent are economic sanctions an effective solution to conflict?’