1. The “Deep Structure” - HISTORY Chapter 4

2. History (by country) as an Institution • What a culture seeks to remember and pass on tells you about the character of the culture • Many present-day conflicts extend back centuries • Provides guidance in daily life

3. History: United States
Mixed English & new beliefs:
Individuality
Lack of Formality
Violence & Wars
Manifest Destiny
Change & Progress
“Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

4. History: Russia Largest country in the world “Mother Russia”
Much plundering historically
Outsider distrust
Autocratic Rule
People and their land
Performing / Cultural Arts
Country in Transition

5. History: China Oldest continuous civilization (1.3 billion people)
Enormous pride in history
Physical & Cultural Isolation
Self Perception of Superiority
“Clan & Family” more important than State
Value Merit and Learning

6. History: India Largest Democracy
(1.1 billion, 2000 ethnicities, 18 languages)
Buddhism, Hinduism arose; Islam arrived, creating communal hatred
British rule ends 1947:
India (Hindu) & Pakistan (Muslim) split
Rise in global economy, but wide disparity

7. History: Mexico Very conscious of their past
Pre-Columbian period: (300 BC – 1519 AD)
Spanish Conquest (1519 AD)
Cortes brings killings, disease, slavery, & horses
Catholicism
Rigid social class structure
Independence (1821 – 1824)

8. History: Mexico Mexican – American War (1846) Revolution! (1910)
Ended Feudalism & Peonage
Many consider this the real Mexican Independence
Modern Mexico

9. History: Islamic Civilization
Pakistan Flag
Second largest religion worldwide
13 Centuries of History!
Our Focus: Middle East (but much more than time permits)

10. History: Islamic Civilization
Pakistan Flag
Mohammad dies (632)
No Successor named
“Caliphs” take over
Schism: “Sunni” vs. “Shiite”
Jerusalem - Turmoil & the “Turks”
Muslims Today – Pride & Humiliation