1. How Information Is Arranged NONFICTION
Text Structure
How Information Is Arranged
NONFICTION

2. Non-Fiction Text Structures
Description
Gives details about something, someone, or someplace
Sequence
Presents the step-by-step events in a process
Problem/Solution
Identifies a problem and possible solutions
Cause/Effect
Explains how something occurred as a result of
something else
Compare/Contrast
Explains how things are similar or different
Chronological
Arranges events over a period of time

3. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Description
Signal Words
For example
For Instance
Characteristics include
Specifically
In addition to

4. Non-Fiction Text Structure
February
Two Conference winners
Description
Most Watched Sporting Event
Gives details about something, someone, or someplace
The Super Bowl
The Super Bowl
People throw parties
Broadcast in 34 languages
Huge Advertising money

5. Non-Fiction Text Structure5
Sequence
Signal Words
Before, To start, In the beginning,
First, During, After, Finally
Then, Last, Later
In the middle, In the end 4 3 2 1

6. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Eat 5
Sequence
Join both pieces of bread 4
Presents the step-by-step events in a process
Making A Peanut Butter
And Jelly Sandwich
Spread Peanut Butter on Slice Two 3
Spread jelly on Slice One 2
Get Bread 1

7. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Problem/Solution
Signal Words
Problem, Issue, Cause,
As a result, Because of, Leads to
Due to, Solve, So,
Consequently, Since OR

8. Neighbor’s dog continues to bark
Non-Fiction Text Structure
Problem/Solution
Neighbor’s dog continues to bark
Spray with hose
Identifies a problem and possible solutions
Barking Dog Problem OR
Problem / Solution
1. What is the problem?
Why is this a problem?
What can be done to solve it?

9. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Effect
Cause and Effect
CAUSE
Effect
Signal Words
Since, Because, If, Due to,
As a result of, So, Then,
Leads to, Consequently, Cause,
Reason, Long-term,
Effect
Cause
EFFECT
Cause
Cause

10. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Fights
Cause and Effect
Prejudice
Hurt Feelings
Explains how something occurred as a result of
something else
Wars
Courtesy
Equality
Respect
Humility

11. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Compare/Contrast
Signal Words
Similar, Alike, Same, Just like
In Common, Both, Different, Unlike, In Contrast,
On the other hand

12. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Compare/Contrast
Ponyboy Curtis
Hannah Stern
Male
Teenagers
No Parents
Neighborhood
Danger f
Females
Full Family
Dynamic
Camp Danger
Overcome
Obstacles
Internal
Conflict
Explains how things are similar or different
Ponyboy and Hannah

13. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Chronological
Signal Words
First, Second, Initially, Preceding, Next, Then, When, After, Before, Finally
On (date)

14. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Chronological
Arranges events over a period of time
Semester One of English 8
February 2019 begin science fiction novel
Read First Fiction – “Flowers for Algernon”
September 2018 Began the year
October – Began The Outsiders
Then Read The Devil’s Arithmetic
Exams end the semester

15. Text Structure Signal Questions
Description
1. What topic is being explained?
2. How is it being described? What is 3. important to remember about it?
Sequence
1. What steps are listed?
2. Do they always happen in this order?
3. What is the final result?
Problem / Solution
1. What is the problem?
Why is this a problem?
What can be done to solve it?
Cause and Effect
1. What happened?
2. Why did it happen?
3. What caused it to happen?
Compare / Contrast
1. What things are being compared?
In what ways are they alike?
In what ways are they different?
Chronology
1. What is the subject being discussed?
2. What events took place?
3. In what order did the events happen?

16. Non-Fiction Text Structure
Does this make sense?
Let’s See!