1. NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
NOMENCLATURE : Nomen = Name
Calare = to call
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE is the naming of substances
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS composed of elements other than carbon.
Associated with the nonliving portion of the world.

2. NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Ionic compounds
Molecular compunds
Acids

3. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: CATIONS
Cations made up of metal atoms have the same name as the metal.
Na+ = sodium ion
Zn2+ = zinc ion
Al3+ = aluminum ion
If a metal can form cations of different charges, the positive charge is given by roman numbers into brackets following the name of the metal
Fe2+ = iron (II) ion
Cu+ = copper (I) ion
Fe3+ = iron (III) ion
Cu2+ = copper (II) iron

4. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: CATIONS
Ions with different charges exhibit different properties, such as color.
Most of the metals that have variable charges are transition metals.
Applying –ous and –ic. The endings represent the lower and higher charged ions, respectively.
Fe2+ = ferrous ion
Cu+ = cuprous ion
Fe3+ = ferric ion
Cu2+ = cupric iron

5. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: CATIONS
Cations formed from nonmetals have names that end in -ium.
NH4+ = ammonium ion
H3O+ = hydronium ion

6. IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

7. FORMULAS AND NAMES OF COMMON CATIONS

8. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: ANIONS
Mono atomic anions have names formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with -ide
H- = hydride ion
O2- = oxide ion
N3- = nitride ion
Poly atomic anions containing oxygen have names ending in –ate or –ite.
These are called oxyanions.
NO3- = nitrate ion
SO42- = sulfate ion
NO2- = nitrite ion
SO32- = sulfite ion

9. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: ANIONS
Prefixes are used when the series of oxyanions of an element extends to four members, as with halogens.
ClO4- = perchlorate ion, Cl (VII+)
ClO3- = chlorate ion, Cl (V+)
ClO2- = chlorite ion, Cl (III+)
ClO- = hypochlorite ion, Cl (I+)
The prefix per- indicates one or more oxygen atoms than the oxyanion ending in –ate.
SO52- = peroxomonosulfate ion

10. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: ANIONS
Anions derived by adding a H to an oxyanion are named by adding as a prefix the word hydrogen or dihydrogen.
CO32- = carbonate ion
HCO3- = hydrogen carbonate ion
PO43- = phosphate ion
H2PO4- = dihydrogen phopsphate ion

11. COMMON POLYATOMIC ANIONS

12. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: IONIC COMPOUNDS
Names of ionic compounds consist of the cation name followed by the anion name.
CaCl2 = calcium chloride
Al(NO3)3 = aluminum nitrate
Cu(ClO4)2 = copper (II) or cupric perchlorate

13. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: ACIDS
An acid is a substance whose molecules yield hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water (BrØnsted-Lowry).

14. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: ACIDS
Acid based on anions whose names end in –ide have associated acids that have the hydro- prefix and –ic ending.
Cl- → HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid
S2- → H2S(aq) = hydrosulfuric acid

15. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS: ACIDS
Acid based on anions whose names end in –ate have associated acids with an –ic ending, whereas anions whose names end in –ite are related to acids with an –ous ending.
Prefixes in the name of the anion are retained in the name of the acid.
ClO4- = perchlorate ion → HClO4 = perchloric acid
ClO3- = chlorate ion → HClO3 = chloric acid
ClO2- = chlorite ion → HClO2 = chlorous acid
ClO- = hypochlorite ion → HClO = hypochlorous acid

16. NAMING NON IONIC COMPOUNDS
Similar rules to those used for naming ionic compounds.
The name of the element farthest to the left in the periodic table is usually written first.
EXCEPTION: compounds that contain oxygen, oxygen always written last.
If both elements are in the same group in the periodic table, the lower one is named first.
The name of the second element is given an –ide ending.

17. NAMING NON IONIC COMPOUNDS
Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element.
Mono- is never used with the first element.
The prefix ends in a or o, if the name of the second element begins with a vowel, the a or o drops.
Cl2O = dichlorine monoxide
NF3 = nitrogen trifluoride
N2O4 = dinitrogen tretoxide.
P4S10 = tetraphosphorous decasulfide