1. Presented by shehneela sohorwardi: Rollno :117113
Genome anatomy :
Presented by shehneela sohorwardi:
Rollno :117113

2. Genome:
genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information. It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of viruses, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA

3. Eukaryotes and prokaryotic genome
Most prokaryotic genomes are small (<~5Mb), they generally contain one large circular piece of DNA refered to as a "chromosome" (not a true chromosome in the eukaryotic sense so inverted comas are normally used in modern text).
Some bacteria have linear "chromosomes". Many bacteria extra DNA hald on small circular structures called plasmids which can be swapped between neighbours and across bacterial species.
Inside the "choromosome" many genes with related functions are found close together in operons.
The exact order and number of genes found in the genome can vary between different strains of the same species.
Prokaryotes can gain genes from other prokaryotic species when sharing an environment.
The DNA is gene rich with a few non-coding regions containing insertion elements or transposons.
There are no introns in prokaryotic genes. There are very few repeated sequences in prokaryotic genomes.

4. Eukaryotic genomes are generally larger (#10Mb -100,000Mb) than prokaryotic ones. Their DNA is held on linear chromosomes and a small circular mitochondrial chromosome. Genes have introns.
There are many genome wide repeats. There are longer space between genes and a great number of non-coding sequences.
The number of genes doesn't normally differ between strains of a species.

5. Eukaryotic genome anatomy :
Exon and Intron length distribution in the human genome:

6. Figure 7.2 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

7. Figure 7.2a Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

8. Figure 7.2b Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

10. Table 7.1 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

12. Yeast centromere
Figure 7.6 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

13. Human kinetochore
Figure 7.9 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

14. Genome sizes
Figure Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

15. Table 7.2 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

16. Figure 7.15 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

18. 26,887
17,959
22,165

19. )

20. Figure 7.20 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

21. Figure 7.23 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

22. Human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA)

23. Prokaryotic genome :
No nuclear envelope

24. Model for genome organization

25. Plasmid and extra-chromosomal elements

26. Prokaryotic genomes are gene-dense:

27. Absence of repeat sequence simplifies assembly