1. Hemodynamics of vein graft stenosis
Dennis F. Bandyk, MD, Gary R. Scabrook, MD, Pamela Moldenhauer, RN, Jane Lavin, RN, Janis Edwards, RN, Ruth Cato, RN, RVT, Jonathan B. Towne, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages (December 1988)
DOI: / (88)
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Angiogram and velocity spectra obtained by duplex scanning of femoropopliteal in situ saphenous vein bypass with venous conduit stenosis (open arrow). The biphasic configuration and low peak systolic blood flow velocity (approximately 30 cm/sec) of the graft velocity waveform are abnormal. Velocity spectra at the site of stenosis demonstrate high systolic (greater than 240 cm/sec) and diastolic (100 cm/sec) velocity and severe spectral broadening predictive of the greater than 75% diameter-reducing stenosis confirmed by angiography.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 8, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Serial velocity spectra recorded from distal segment of femorotibial in situ saphenous vein graft with continuous-wave Doppler flow detector. The triphasic configuration observed 45 days after surgery evolved to a biphasic configuration and concomitant decrease in peak systolic blood flow velocity to 40 cm/sec with development of valve site stenosis in distal graft.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 8, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Velocity spectra and hemodynamic characteristics of the three abnormal graft blood flow velocity waveforms observed with graft stenosis. Vp, Peak systolic flow velocity; ABI, ankle-brachial index; ΔVp, decrease in peak systolic velocity with development of graft stenosis.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 8, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
B-mode image (top) and velocity spectra (bottom) of femoropopliteal in situ vein bypass with impending graft failure caused by distal venous conduit stenosis. Staccato Doppler waveform (left) proximal to a 50% to 75% distal graft stenosis (right) reflects minimal antegrade flow. Graft thrombosis occurred 5 days after this examination.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 8, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Angiogram and duplex scan of in situ saphenous vein bypass to the anterior tibial artery with anastomotic stenosis. Velocity spectra consistent with greater than 75% stenosis (enddiastolic flow velocity greater than 150 cm/sec). Peak systolic flow velocity in proximal graft greater than 45 cm/sec because of small-diameter (3.5 mm) venous conduit. Peak systolic flow velocity increased from 90 to 140 cm/sec and ankle-brachial index increased from 0.6 to 0.85 after vein patch angioplasty.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 8, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions