1. Waves & Sound The Nature of Sound Speed of Sound Human hearing
Doppler effect
Seeing with sound

2. A. Speed of Sound 344 m/s in air at 20°C Depends on: Type of medium
travels better through liquids and solids
can’t travel through a vacuum
Temperature of medium
travels faster at higher temps

3. converted to nerve impulses in cochlea
B. Human Hearing
sound wave
vibrates ear drum
amplified by bones
converted to nerve impulses in cochlea

4. B. Human Hearing Pitch highness or lowness of a sound
depends on frequency of sound wave
human range: ,000 Hz
ultrasonic waves
subsonic waves

5. B. Human Hearing Intensity volume of sound
depends on energy (amplitude) of sound wave
measured in decibels (dB)

6. B. Human Hearing
DECIBEL SCALE
120
110
100 80 70 40 18 10

7. C. Doppler Effect Doppler Effect
change in wave frequency caused by a moving wave source
moving toward you - pitch sounds higher
moving away from you - pitch sounds lower

8. C. Doppler Effect Stationary source Moving source Supersonic source
waves combine to produce a shock wave called a sonic boom
same frequency in all directions
higher frequency
lower frequency

9. “Sound Navigation Ranging”
D. Seeing with Sound
Ultrasonic waves - above 20,000 Hz
Medical Imaging
SONAR
“Sound Navigation Ranging”

10. E. Music vs. Noise Music specific pitches and sound quality
regular pattern
Noise
no definite pitch
no set pattern

11. F. Resonance Forced Vibration
when one vibrating object forces another object to vibrate at the same frequency
results in a louder sound because a greater surface area is vibrating
used in guitars, pianos, etc.

12. F. Resonance Resonance special case of forced vibration
object is induced to vibrate at its natural frequency