1. PAST SIMPLE
by Petra Halfarová

2. Minulý čas prostý by Petra Halfarová
PAST SIMPLE
Minulý čas prostý
by Petra Halfarová

3. regular verbs (minulý tvar pravidelných sloves)
What is the past tense of these regular verbs? work stop look plan want prefer live study decide try use play

4. - ed we form the past tense by adding -ed
work worked look looked want wanted start started

5. - d if a verb ends in „-e“ we only add - d
live lived decide decided use used like liked

6. short verbs ending C (consonant) V (vowel) C (consonant) with a stress on the last syllable double the last consonant and add –ed
stop stopped plan planned prefer preferred log in / out logged in / out

7. if the verb ends with – y and before –y there’s a C (consonant), “y” changes into “i” + -ed
… y i + ed study studied try tried worry worried carry carried reply replied marry married fry fried empty emptied cry cried copy copied

8. if the verb ends in – y and there’s a vowel before it, we add –ed only
play played
annoy annoyed
enjoy enjoyed
employ employed
pray prayed
stay stayed
x-ray x-rayed

9. Pronunciation want wanted /wɒntɪd / start started /stɑːtId/
if the sound of the verb in present ends
with –t or – d, we pronounce the past form /id/
want wanted /wɒntɪd /
start started /stɑːtId/
decide decided  /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/

10. Irregular verbs have had buy bought make made think thought
English has about 600 irregular verbs – that means that these verbs don’t take
–ed in past form, but have a special form
there’s a list of the most used ones in your textbook
have had buy bought
make made think thought
put put give gave

11. Positive sentences the form is the same for all persons I swam we swam
you swam you swam
he swam they swam
she swam
it swam

12. Examples of positive sentences.
We swam in the river yesterday. She drove all the way home. Mick saw the accident. They decided to move to Vienna. I went to the cinema on Monday. The shop closed at 8 pm last night. He studied Biology at university. The computer broke down.

13. Negative sentences I didn’t swim we didn’t swim
the form is the same for all persons
we make the past negative by an auxiliary verb (DID) + negative (NOT) + the main verb in the basic form
I didn’t swim we didn’t swim
you didn’t swim you didn’t swim
he didn’t swim they didn’t swim
she didn’t swim
it didn’t swim

14. Examples of negative sentences
I didn’t believe him. She didn’t go to school last week. Lenny didn’t eat the sandwich. We didn’t want to go there. It didn’t rain on Sunday. They didn’t know the answer. Mr. and Mrs. Thorn didn’t arrive on time. The students didn’t pass the test.

15. Questions Did I swim….? Did we swim…? Did you swim….? Did you swim…?
the form is the same for all persons
we make a question, by using an auxiliary verb (DID) and a main verb in the basic form
Did I swim….? Did we swim…?
Did you swim….? Did you swim…?
Did he swim…? Did they swim…?
Did she swim…?
Did it swim…?

16. Wh- questions
Where did you live? Why did she come late? How far did you walk? When did you get up this morning? Who did they see there? How many people did they employ last year? How often did your parents visit you in hospital? What did he say?

17. Short answers
We use short answers to answer Yes / No questions. We only use the auxiliary verb.
Did you see her? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
Did they answer? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
Did it snow? Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t.
Did I really say that? Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t.
Did you close the door? Yes, mum, we did.