1. Chapter 3 Developing Through the Life Span
Adolescence

2. Physical Development

3. Physical Development
Adolescence: Transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
Puberty: Period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

4. Physical Changes Sequence for changes in puberty is universal
Reacting to timing of puberty is important
Early maturing boys: More popular, self-assured, and independent; more at risk for alcohol use, delinquency, and premature sexual activity
Early maturing girls: Mismatch between physical and emotional maturity may encourage search for older teens; teasing or sexual harassment may occur
Frontal lobe development and synaptic pruning occur in the teen brain and may produce irrational and risky behaviors

5. Cognitive Development

6. Cognitive Development
Developing reasoning power: Piaget
Develop new abstract thinking tools (formal operations)
Reason logically
Develop moral judgment

7. Cognitive Development
Developing morality: Kohlberg
Use moral reasoning that develops in universal sequence to guide moral actions
DEMONSTRATING THEIR REASONING ABILITY
Although they supported different candidates in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, these teens were all demonstrating their ability to think logically about abstract topics. According to Piaget, they were in the final cognitive stage, formal operations.

8. Morality Kohlberg’s Theory: Moral intuition
Haidt: Much of morality is rooted in moral intuitions that are made quickly and automatically
Greene: Moral cognition is often automatic but can be overridden
Moral action
Moral action feeds moral attitudes
Mischel: The ability to delay gratification is linked to more positive outcomes in adulthood

9. Social Development

10. Social Development Erikson’s Theory
Each stage: corresponds to an age and has a dominant issue, with a task to overcome

11. Social Development Erikson’s Theory
Each stage: corresponds to an age and has a dominant issue, with a task to overcome

12. Focus on Erikson
The adolescent struggle involves identity versus role confusion- continuing into adulthood
The task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and blending various roles
Social identity involves the “we” aspect of self-concept that comes from group memberships
Healthy identity formation is followed by the capacity to build close relationships

13. Adolescent parent/ Peer Relationships
People seek to fit in and are influenced by their groups, especially during childhood and teen years. Influence of parents and peers is complementary
Parents
Parent-child arguments increase but most adolescents report liking their parents
Argument content is often gender-related
Peers
Peers influence behavior, social networking is often extensive, and exclusion can be painful or worse

14. Adolescent parent/ Peer Relationships
Parents
Peers
Are more important when it comes to education, discipline, charitableness, responsibility, orderliness, and ways of interacting with authority figures
Are more important for learning cooperation, for finding the road to popularity, and for inventing styles of interaction among people of the same age

15. How much blame/ credit do parents deserve?
Parenting matters
The impact of parenting is clearest at extremes
Parents do influence their children’s attitudes, values, manners, faith, and politics
Family environment is related to wide range of successes.
Personality also plays a role
Shared environmental influence typically accounts for less than 10 percent of personality differences
Despite the influence of personality, children benefit from adoption

16. Emerging Adulthood
Includes the time from 18 to mid-twenties in a not-yet-settled phase of life
Characterized by not yet assuming adult responsibilities and independences and feelings of being “in between”
May involve living with and still being emotionally dependent on parents

17. Review of Key Theories and their stages