1. Which of the following are found within an mRNA molecule?
Codons
Translation stop site
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Anti-codon
Transcription stop site
A. 1 and 2 B. 1, 2, and 3 C. 1, 3, and 5 D. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

2. According to the Wobble hypothesis:
A. The amino-binding domain of a tRNA can wobble to accept different amino acids B. The last nucleotide in a codon can wobble to bind a variety of tRNAs C. One of the anti-codon nucleotides can wobble to bind to multiple codons D. Anti-codon to codon binding is unstable, and tRNAs “wobble” on mRNA

3. During transcription termination, a protein binds to the mRNA
During transcription termination, a protein binds to the mRNA. mRNA is cleaved and then the protein catches up to RNA polymerase, ending transcription. What type of termination is this?
A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic, Rho dependent C. Prokaryotic, Rho independent D. Eukaryotic, Rho dependent

4. The non-template strand of a gene reads as follows:
5’ AGTGGAACCTG 3’
Determine the sequence of the mRNA.
A. 5’ AGTGGAACCTG 3’ B. 3’ AGUGGAACCTG 5’ C. 3’ AGTGGAACCTG 5’ D. 5’ AGUGGAACCUG 3’

5. A promoter contains a Pribnow box. Which promoter is this?
A. Eukaryotic core promoter B. Eukaryotic regulatory promoter C. Prokaryotic promoter D. Prokaryotic core promoter

6. A loss of function mutation in which gene segment would prevent initiation of transcription?
A. Terminator B. Kozak Consensus C. Start codon D. Consensus sequence

7. A site within an mRNA is designated as +46
A site within an mRNA is designated as +46. How far is this site from the transcription start site, and in what direction?
A. 45 nucleotides downstream B. 45 codons downstream C. 45 nucleotides upstream D. 45 nucleotides downstream

8. Which part of an mRNA would not be found in a UTR?
A. Promoter B. Shine-Dalgarno Sequence C. Terminator D. Kozak Consensus

9. Which of the following describes the role of the poly-A tail?
A. Contains the Kozak consensus to bind the ribosome B. Stabilizes the ribosome when it binds the 5’ cap C. Contains the stop codon needed to terminate translation D. Removes introns from a pre-mRNA

10. Put the events of translation initiation in order:
1. IF-3 binds to the small subunit
2. The small subunit binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence
3. Initiator tRNA binds to the mRNA
4. GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP, removing IF-3
A B C D

11. Which rRNA recognizes and binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
A. 30s B. 18s C. 23s D. 16s

12. The small subunit that binds to the Kozak consensus is called:
A. 30s B. 80s C. 40s D. 60s

13. Which statement regarding tRNAs is true?
A. Each tRNA can hold any amino acid B. Amino acids bind the tRNA at the anti-codon C. EF-Tu charges tRNA with an amino acid D. Each amino acid has a matching, specific tRNA

14. Which statement is false?
A. EF-Tu brings a charged amino acid into the A site B. EF-G recharges EF-Tu by swapping GDP for GTP C. EF-Ts refuels EF-Tu by swapping GDP for GTP D. EF-G uses GTP to translocate the ribosome

15. At the P site of a ribosome, a peptide bond is formed between the P site and A site amino acids. Which rRNA catalyzes this process?
A. 28s B. 5s C. 5.8s D. 23s

16. Which of the following single nucleotide mutations is a transversion?
A. T -> C B. U -> T C. C -> U D. A -> C

17. A tRNA has an anticodon with the sequence:
5’ UGC 3’
What is the corresponding codon sequence?
A. 3’ GCA 5’ B. 3’ GCT 5’ C. 5’ GCA 3’ D. 5’ GCT 3’

18. A single nucleotide mutation occurs in an mRNA after a transcription error, changing a codon sequence. The mutated codon still codes for the same amino acid. What type of mutation is this?
A. Silent B. Neutral C. Missense D. Insertion

19. A single nucleotide mutation occurs in the DNA of a cell
A single nucleotide mutation occurs in the DNA of a cell. As a result, a codon sequence is changed. The mutated codon specifies an amino acid with the wrong function. What type of mutation is this?
A. Silent B. Neutral C. Missense D. Nonsense

20. Which rRNA checks anti-codon/codon binding to ensure the correct tRNA is inserted in the A site?
A. 5s B. 5.8s C. 18s D. 60s

21. Some DNA nucleotides are deleted from the gene of a somatic cell
Some DNA nucleotides are deleted from the gene of a somatic cell. What could possibly happen to the translated polypeptide of this gene?
A. Nothing, if the deletion occurs in an intron B. A frameshift mutation C. Loss of an amino acid, but no frameshift D. Loss of a stop codon, triggering mRNA destruction

22. A transversion mutation that prevents polyadenylation of a pre-mRNA would have to occur where?
A. In the 3’ UTR B. In the RNA coding region C. Downstream of the terminator D. Upstream of the stop codon

23. If a cell suddenly lost the ability to hydrolyze GTP after the immediately before translation, where would translation halt?
A. Before joining the small and large subunits into the monosome B. Before EF-Tu can bring a tRNA to the A site C. When EF-G attempts to translocate the ribosome D. After release factors bind the A site but before they release