1. Influence of deoxyribonucleic acid damage on fertilization and pregnancy 
Ralf Henkel, Ph.D., Marjam Hajimohammad, Thomas Stalf, Ph.D., Christiaan Hoogendijk, M.Sc., Claas Mehnert, M.Sc., Roelof Menkveld, Ph.D., Holger Gips, M.D., Wolf-Bernhard Schill, M.D., Thinus F Kruger, M.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 81, Issue 4, Pages (April 2004)
DOI: /j.fertnstert

2. FIGURE 1
Influence of DNA fragmentation, DNA integrity, and apoptosis markers (annexin V binding and Fas expression) on fertilization (black bars) and pregnancy (striped bars) in vitro after differentiation and separation of the patients into positive and negative groups according to the cut-off points calculated by ROC curve analysis. Determination of DNA damage by means of the TUNEL assay (A) and the acridine orange stain (B) shows a significant influence on pregnancy but not on fertilization. Insemination sperm from patients with a low percentage of TUNEL-positive sperm or a high percentage of sperm with double-stranded DNA resulted in almost twice the pregnancy rate (Fisher exact test) as in the others. The fertilization rate showed no difference. For parameters of apoptosis (annexin V binding and Fas expression; C and D, respectively), no difference could be calculated either for fertilization or for pregnancy.
Henkel. DNA damage and fertilization in vitro. Fertil Steril 2004.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )