1. Chapter 1 Science Review
Lessons 1-3

2. The Earth System 4 Main Spheres:
Atmosphere: (pg. 6) the relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth’s outermost layer.
Hydrosphere (pg. 6) the portion of Earth that consists of water in any of its forms including, oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, ground water, and water vapor.
Biosphere (pg. 7) the parts of Earth that contain living organisms.
Geosphere (pg. 6) the densest parts of Earth that include the mantle, crust, and core.

3. How do constructive forces and destructive forces change Earth
How do constructive forces and destructive forces change Earth? (pg 8 – 9)
Constructive forces shape the land’s surface by building up mountains and other landmasses.
Destructive forces destroy and wear away landmasses through processes like erosion and weathering.

4. Ch. 1 review
The Earth’s lithosphere is broken into huge pieces, or plates, that move slowly over Earth. The slow movement of Earth’s plates is called plate tectonics. (pg. 8)

5. Earth’s Interior Pressure and heat increase with depth. (pg 12)
The deeper down inside of Earth, the greater the pressure ie: like diving into a swimming pool.
The temperature inside Earth increases as depth increases.
Evidence: But what is inside of the Earth? (pg. 10 & 11)
Direct: Rock samples (pg. 11)
Indirect: Seismic waves- The paths of seismic waves reveal areas (layers) inside Earth where the makeup or form of material changes. (pg. 11)
Layers (pg 13 – 15)
Inner most to outer most: inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle Mesosphere, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere) and last, but not least, the Crust.
Sketch and label the layers of the Earth

6. Earth’s Internal View

7. Layers of the Earth
Crust: A layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor and forms Earth’s outer skin.
Mantle: A layer of rock below the crust that is very hot, but solid and nearly 3,000 kilometers thick.
Outer Core: A layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core made mostly of iron and nickel.
Inner Core: A dense ball of solid metal at Earth’s center made mostly of iron and nickel.

8. Earth’s layers

9. Convection and the Mantle
Heat transfer: Heat moves from a warmer object to a cooler object (pg. 18) Density is the measure of how much mass is in a given volume of a substance. (pg 20)
Warm: less dense
Cold: more dense

10. 3 Types of Heat Transfer
Radiation : Empty Space (roasting marshmallows)
Conduction: Direct Contact (frying eggs in a pan)
Convection: Fluid (Heating soup on a stove)
Convection Currents:
Step 1- Heating and cooling of a fluid
Step 2- Changes in a fluid’s density
Step 3- Force of gravity
Draw convection currents on your sketch of Earth’s layers (pg. 21)