1. – a roundtable discussion
Green and Decent Jobs – What contribution to better lives for people living in poverty?
Green and Decent Jobs
– a roundtable discussion
Peter Poschen, ILO
London, 13 November 2017

2. Global Workforce: ~ 3.6 billion (3.4 bn employed + 201 m unemployed)

3. The decent work challenge (ILO WESO 2016,2017)
2019/7/23
Unemployed: 201m globally (5.6%)-75 m youth
Working poor: 776 million (< $3.10/dayPPP)
~ 28.7% labour force emerging & devel. econ
Vulnerably employed: 1.4 bn globally
Youth: 45 m new jobseekers/y next 5y
5.2 billion with no social security
1.1 billion without access to modern energy
860 million slum dwellers
ILO 2014: Global Employment trends
ILO 2014: World Social Protection Report

4. Workforce growth (2012) World: + 1.5% OECD: + 0.9% Latin A: + 2.2%
23/07/2019
Workforce growth (2012)
World: %
OECD: %
Latin A: %
South Asia: %
E.A & Pac.: + 0.9%
S.S. Africa: + 3.1%
MENA: %
= + 45 m new jobseekers/year
World Bank 2014: World Development Indicators

5. Employment by sector (2013)
23/07/2019
Employment by sector (2013)
Agriculture
Industry
Services
World
32%
23%
45%
Dev. Economies and EU 4%
22%
74%
Central & South-Eastern Europe and CIS
18%
27%
55%
East Asia
31%
30%
39%
S. E. Asia and the Pacific
40%
19%
South Asia
47%
LatAm and the Caribbean
16%
21%
64%
Middle East
15%
58%
North Africa
49%
Sub-Saharan Africa
61% 9%
ILO 2014: Global Employment Trends

6. Sectoral shares in employment, 2013
23/07/2019
Sectoral shares in employment, 2013
ILO 2009: KILM 6th edition

7. The dual challenge of the 21st century
Environment:
Averting climate change
Protecting life-support on earth
Social challenge:
Decent work for all
Well-being and dignity for the excluded

8. “GDP of the Poor” most seriously impacted by natural resource destruction (and pricing)

9. Job effect of transition to Greener Economies?
Global net job gains possible:
Growth 0.5 – 2 % of global workforce 2030
net +19 – 76 m jobs
(extrapolated country scenarios)
NOT result of green jobs alone

10. Economy-wide employment impact of greening economies

11. Social inclusion and jobs: access to clean energy
Poor households spend 3-20 times more than richer ones on energy
1.1 billion people in developing counties no access to clean modern energy
Bangladesh
Small solar household panels provide over 4.5 million poor rural families for clean electricity
Female technicians
127,000 jobs by 2015

12. Skills training Brazil ‘My house-my life’ social housing program
500,000 houses+ solar heating
40% saving energy bills
+ 30,000 jobs in manufacturing & installation
Bangladesh ‘Solar System’ 100,000 jobs by 2015
Technical and Vocational Institutions
Job placement and linking with renewable energy service providers
Promoting solar entrepreneurship through business skills and finance
No transition in Bangladesh, as 50% lack access to electricity

13. Zambia 6,667 programme beneficiaries of MSMEs and their workers
Support the creation of 2549 full-time equivalent jobs
Improved quality of 1424 jobs through extension of social protection

14. Social protection India: NREGA US$ 8 bill (only ~ 0.4% GDP)
23/07/2019
Social protection
India: NREGA
US$ 8 bill (only ~ 0.4% GDP)
Benefit 59 million hh
Adaptation, irrigation, reforestation
Poland: restructuring
388,000=> 119,000 jobs
Social program and retraining
75% transitioned to new jobs

15. Main messages
Key problem for poor: informal, low productivity jobs not unemployment
Poor heavily dependent on ‘nature’ impacted by degradation, but also sustainability/climate policies
Agriculture = elephant in the room ~1 bn workers, mostly smallholder farmers in S-Asia and Africa
Greening economies can create more and better jobs
Good examples of green inclusion exist, but don’t have scale
National assessments needed for just transitions to green economy: ILO Guidelines, GAIN

16. SOME SUGGESTIONS
Transition to sustainable agriculture critical – higher productivity, scale, entrepreneurship, non-farm rural economy
‘Energy for all’ major opportunity (electricity via renewables– delivery model crucial
Social protection floors powerful tool – resilience, recovery (fishing e.g.), enabling transitions
Housing and sustainable buildings – SMEs
Anticipate change: ILO guidelines for just transition; GAIN (Green Jobs Assessment Institutions Network)

17. For more information
Green Jobs GAIN – Green Jobs Assessment Institutions Network Green Economy