1. September 27, 2016
Warm Up / Do Now: Grab a white board, marker, and eraser from the bin!
Agenda:
White Board Review
Vision!
- Psych Principles
Figure/ground examples
How the eye works
BOTS
Color Blind Test
Closure

2. QUICK REVIEW

3. QUICK QUIZ
1. Even on the clearest night, some stars cannot be seen by the naked eye because they are below the viewer’s _________ threshold.
Absolute

4. QUICK QUIZ
2. If you jump into a cold lake but moments later the water no longer seems so cold, sensory ________ has occurred.
Adaptation

5. QUICK QUIZ
3. If you are immobilized in a hospital bed, with no one to talk to and no TV or radio, and you feel edgy and disoriented, you may be suffering the effects of ____________________
Sensory deprivation

6. QUICK QUIZ
4. During a break from your job as a server in a restaurant, you decide to read. For 20 minutes, you are so engrossed that you fail to notice the clattering of dishes or orders being called out to the cook. This is an example of _________________________
Selective attention

7. QUICK QUIZ
5. _____________ is a rare condition in which stimulation of one sense also evokes a sensation in another.
Synesthesia

8. VISION

9. Describe this picture

10. A LITTLE BACKGROUND
More information comes through our eyes than any other sense organ SO
VISION IS OUR MOST VALUABLE SENSE!

11. “THE ___________ is more important
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
WHOLE
“THE ___________ is more important
than the parts”
IN OTHER WORDS, we tend to perceive finished products more than their individual components

12. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY FIGURE GROUND
People ALWAYS organize the visual field into 2 parts
_____________: stands out from the rest of the environment
_____________: the background
Selective Attention helps us perceive between ground and figure
FIGURE
GROUND

14. 1. _____________________
GESTALT PRINCIPLES
PROXIMITY
1. _____________________
Things that are near each other tend to be
grouped together.

15. 2. _____________________
GESTALT PRINCIPLES
CLOSURE
2. _____________________
In order to complete forms, the brain
FILLS IN THE GAPS!

16. 3. _____________________
GESTALT PRINCIPLES
SIMILARITY
3. _____________________
Things that alike (by size, shape, color, etc.) tend to be perceived as belonging to each other

17. 4. _____________________
GESTALT PRINCIPLES
CONTINUITY
4. _____________________
Lines and patterns tend to be perceived as continuing in time and space.

18. GESTALT PRINCIPLES

19. GESTALT PRINCIPLES
GESTALT PRINCIPLES are strongly impressed on the mind…so much so that they dominate other aspects of our vision
Try to say the names of the colors you see, but NOT the actual words as
fast as you can!

20. BLUE YELLOW RED GREEN GREEN BLUE YELLOW RED YELLOW BLUE RED GREEN RED GREEN BLUE YELLOW BLUE RED YELLOW GREEN

21. FIGURE AND GROUND EXAMPLES!

34. Your eyes have trouble distinguishing
SOMETIMES...
Your eyes have trouble distinguishing
FIGURE and GROUND

40. ALL these lines are perfectly straight!

49. Functions of the Eye CORNEA –Protects the eye
LENS - Focuses light from objects that are close by or far away
IRIS - Gives your eyes
their color
PUPIL - Dilates and
contracts to control levels of light

50. THE EYE RETINA ____________: -Part of the brain - Acts as a movie
screen to invert
images

52. Retinal Receptors CONES RODS 1) __________: Allow us to see color
There are 2 kinds of visual receptors located in your retina
1) __________: Allow us to see color
THINK: CONES = COLOR
2) __________:Allow us to see at night and to use peripheral vision but are NOT sensitive to color
CONES
RODS

53. Rods vs. Cones FOVEA YES NO RODS CONES How many? 120-125 million
Where most concentrated?
Periphery of retina
Retinal center (__________)
How sensitive?
High sensitivity
Low sensitivity
Sensitive to color?
______
_______
FOVEA
YES NO

54. The Retina
A magnified image of cones and rods in the retina of a human eye

55. Are You Afraid of the Dark?
DARK ADAPTATION
____________________: the process by which visual receptors become maximally sensitive to dim light
Cones adapt quickly (10 minutes or so)
Rods adapt slowly but are more sensitive

56. BEAR GRYLLS

57. How Do We See Colors? TRICHROMATIC THEORY
There are 2 processes which account for our ability to see color
1) ____________________
AKA: Young Helmholtz Theory;
Occurs in the retina
TRICHROMATIC THEORY

58. TRICHROMATIC THEORY BLUE GREEN RED
There are 3 basic types of cones in the retina
One responds to the color ________
All other colors are formed from a combination of these three
BLUE
GREEN
RED

59. COLOR BLIND OR COLOR DEFICIENT?
Is it possible to be completely color blind? _____, but it is ________
Cones in the retina are absent or malfunction
Many species of animals are completely color blind
RARE
YES

60. COLOR DEFICIENCY RED GREEN
Most “colorblind” people are unable to differentiate _________ & ______
In rarer cases, the opposite is true
Who does it affect?
8% of white men
5% of Asian men
3% black and Native American men
It is VERY RARE in women
RED
GREEN

70. 2 THEORIES OF COLOR VISION
OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY
2) ______________________
Opponent-Process cells and brain neurons respond to certain waves and are inhibited from firing by other waves

71. ANTAGONISTIC COLORS Red and Green Blue and Yellow Black and White
Cells that fire in response to a color
stop firing when the color is
removed and vice versa
_____________________ = Antagonistic
Red and Green
Blue and Yellow
Black and White

72. NEGATIVES and AFTERIMAGES
FIRE
Cells that _______ in response to a color stop firing when the color is removed
Likewise, cell that were inhibited from firing, burst forth when the color is removed

73. NEGATIVES and AFTERIMAGES
THE RESULTS?
We see red images when we blink after staring at green objects
The cells that switch on or off to signal the presence of green, send the opposite signal (red) when the green is removed…and vice versa

74. AFTER IMAGE ILLUSIONS
WOO HOO!

86. A Nation Divided….