1. What is a rock?
A group of minerals joined together, like ingredients combined to make a loaf of bread
Can be made from things that were once alive (i.e. coal)
Three main types:
Igneous – forms when magma cools and hardens
Metamorphic – when old rocks are heated or squeezed to the point where they change to something new underground
Sedimentary – sediment settles into layers in certain places

3. What is a mineral?
Not produced by people or other living things (whether currently or formerly alive), occurs naturally
Solid
Same “chemical make-up”, structure is always the same (color, size, and age are not always)
Examples: salt, copper, quartz, graphite
Removed from earth by mining

4. What is a fossil? Show us what living things were once like
All are found in sedimentary rock (form when they are buried under sediment quickly with little time to decompose)

6. Layers of the Earth
Crust: Solid (the land we walk on and/or the ocean floor)
Mantle: Liquid
Core: Liquid
Inner Core: Solid

7. Plate Tectonics Plates are constantly moving (very slowly)
Continents are moving (very slowly)

8. Earthquakes occur when two tectonic plates slip past each other suddenly.

9. What is weathering and erosion?
How natural forces break rocks apart
Main force to produce sediment
Frost wedging, root wedging, rain,
Moving water and wind cause sediments to travel, sometimes great distances
Deposition (when eroded materials rest/settle)

11. Test Topics
Vocab words (core, crystal, fossil, hardness, igneous, luster, mantle, metamorphic, sedimentary, weathering, geologists)
Rock make-up (three types)
Types of Weathering
Mineral tests and what they show
Mineral properties
Examples of different types of rocks