2. PRIMARY EFFECTS

8. These included many systems shutting down, i. e
These included many systems shutting down, i.e. electricity,gas,plumbing, etc. Fires that were started by broken gas pipes and broken electrical wires, spread through the city, rapidly destroying the many wooden houses. (appx houses were destroyed) The Other secondary effects included many blocked roads, delaying and stopping ambulances, fire engines, and other aid vehicles. Because of all the collapsed houses, about 230,000 people were left homeless. They had to camp out in unheated school gyms, or even outside in parks! There was a shortage of clean water, of blankets, and food.
Secondary effects are those that result from the primary effects. For example ground shaking may result in the cracking of gas and water pipes (primary effects) this can result in severe fires due to explosion from escaping gas and difficulties in putting out fires due to lack of water from burst mains (secondary effects). Other secondary effects include, homelessness, business going bankrupt and closing etc.