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Published byTolga Mumcu Modified over 5 years ago
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(a) Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging sagittal images of the lumbar spine of a female patient with degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritic changes (Modic II) at L3 to L4 and L4 to L5. (a) Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging sagittal images of the lumbar spine of a female patient with degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritic changes (Modic II) at L3 to L4 and L4 to L5. (b) Postoperative computed tomography scan of the lumbar spine with an expandable cage and a percutaneous interspinous spacer at L3 to L4 and L4 to L5, respectively. (c) All 4 implants were percutaneously introduced through 1 single skin incision of 15 mm. RUDOLF MORGENSTERN, and CHRISTIAN MORGENSTERN Int J Spine Surg 2018;12: ©International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery Copyright © 2018 ISASS - This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery
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