1. Users’ needs and practices
Martin Kellaway
National Accounts in Practice – Advanced course
Luxembourg, 3-12 October 2016
THE CONTRACTOR IS ACTING UNDER A FRAMEWORK CONTRACT CONCLUDED WITH THE COMMISSION

2. Overview
Types of users
Types of uses

3. Types of users Users of methodology Users of data Non-administrative
Statistical authorities
Analysts
Users of data
Non-administrative
Non-financial enterprises
Financial institutions
Other users
Adminstrative
European institutions
International institutions
National authorities
Researchers

4. Users of methodology Statistical authorities Researchers Analysts
– National Statistical Institutes
– Central Banks
– Finance Ministries
Researchers
Analysts

5. Users of data - administrative
European institutions
DG– forecasts, assessment, enlargement
DG ECFIN
– economic and fiscal developments policy formulation – in recent years also financial assistance programmes
Other Directorates-General
– DG REGIO (Regional policy) concerning data on government expenditure by region.
European Central Bank
– Monetary policy, financial stability
Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure
- surveillance mechanism that aims to identify potential macroeconomic risks

6. Users of data - administrative
International institutions
International co-operation
- UN Statistics Division
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- World Bank
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Consistency of methodology
- System of National Accounts and ESA
- IMF GFS manual and Manual on Government Deficit and Debt
Timeliness, reporting burden
- Exchange of data with IMF and OECD

7. Formulating and monitoring economic & social policies
ESA statistics used for:
Serving as a base for national policy evaluations and projections
Forecasting a country’s economic prospective
European monetary and fiscal policy
Convergence criteria for EMU – government deficit & debt, GDP
Granting monetary support to regions (based on regional accounts figures)
Determining the own resources of the EU (GNP, VAT own resource)

8. Framework for analysis and policy
The structure of a total economy, ESA shows:
value added and employment by industry
value added and employment by region
How income is distributed by sector
imports and exports by product group
final consumption expenditure by functional heading and product group
fixed capital formation and fixed capital stock by industry
the composition of the stocks and flows of financial assets by type of asset and by sector

9. Framework for analysis and policy
Specific parts or aspects of an economy
total and sectoral use of banking and finance in the national economy
Non-financial corporate performance
the role of government and its financial position
the economy of a specific region (in comparison to that of the nation as a whole)
household saving and debt levels

10. Framework for analysis and policy
Development of an economy over time
the analysis of GDP growth rates
the analysis of seasonal patterns in quarterly household expenditure
the analysis of particular types of financial instruments over time, e.g. financial derivatives
the comparison of the industrial structures of the national economy over the long term

11. Framework for analysis and policy
A total economy relative to others
the comparison of the roles and size of government in the Member States of the EU
analysis of the interdependencies between the economies of the EU, taking into account Member States and their regions
the analysis of the composition and destination of the exports of the EU
the comparison of GDP growth rates or disposable income per capita in the EU and other developed economies

12. Framework for analysis and policy
Determining the EU Budget
the total resources for the EU Budget are determined as a percentage of the sum of Member States’ gross national income (GNI)
the ‘third own resource’ of the EU is the VAT own resource
the relative size of contributions by Member States for the ‘fourth own resource’ of the EU is based on their GNI estimates