1. Immigration
1880’s

2. New Immigration Southeastern & Eastern Europe. Also the Far East :
Greeks
Russians
Hungarians
Turks
Poles
Italians
Germans
Chinese
Japanese
Problems blending:
Catholic or Jews
Did not speak English
Clustered in communities of the same nationality

3. Why did they come? Push factors: Pull factors:
Difficult conditions at home country
Overcrowding
No jobs
Couldn’t own land
Crop failures
persecution/discrimination
Government instability
Pull factors:
Opportunities
Jobs
Own land
More money
Better climate/land conditions

4. Emigrate or immigrate?
Immigrate: “to enter”
Emmigrate: “to leave”

5. Voyage to america

6. Dificulties:
1st emigrant had to travel to the seaport (hundreds of miles thru foreign countryside)
Long ocean voyage: 12 days across the Atlantic, several weeks across the Pacific
Could only afford cheapest tickets> steerage= small, crowded, cramped quarters on the lowest level of the ship. (seasick city)
Immigrants with contagious illnesses could be refused permission to enter the U.S.
One of their greatest challenges upon arrival: finding work!

7. Government processing centers:
Ellis Island, New York harbor

8. angel Island, San Francisco Bay

9. The torch symbolizes liberty The tablet is a book of law dated July 4, 1776 (liberty) The broken chain symbolizes freedom
“I lift my lamp beside the golden door”
-Emma Lazarus

10. A new start, wealth, opportunity
The “golden door” referred to in Emma’s poem represents
A new start, wealth, opportunity

11. Immigrants in industry
Sweatshops – dangerous urban factories
12 hr. days
7 days a week
Dark
Crowded
Repetitive
Hazardous machines
Low pay
Poor air quality
International Ladies Garment Workers

12. Assimilate: become part of the American culture

13. They settled in big cities b/c:
They were rural (country folk) and unskilled workers
Lacked $ to buy farmland
More comfortable with people with similar cultural backgrounds

14. Positive effects Supplied industries with workers
Enriched the U.S. with their culture
Food
Music
Dances
Festivals
Language
Religion
Laws
Customs and traditions

15. . . . Even fight for America

16. Negative effects Overcrowding in cities Lowered standard of living
Low pay
Long hours
Uneducated
Unskilled

17. Nativists “It’s their fault we have HIGH UNEMPLOY-MENT LOW WAGES
INCREASING CRIME!”

18. Effects of Nativists More anti-immigrant feelings
Persecution and discrimination
distrust
Stereotyping
laws

19. laws
Chinese exclusion Act-prohibited Chinese workers from entering the U.S. for 10 years
“gentleman’s Agreement”-limited the number of Japanese immigrants
Immigration act of required that immigrants be literate