1. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

2. The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP.
Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
Starch molecule
Glucose molecule

3. Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions.
Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added.
phosphate removed

4. Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP.
Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP.
not stored in large amounts
up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule
triphosphate
adenosine
diphosphate
tri=3
di=2

5. Fats store the most energy.
80 percent of the energy in your body
about 146 ATP from a triglyceride
Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
amino acids not usually needed for energy
about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

6. A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy.
Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight.
In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules.
similar to photosynthesis
uses chemical energy instead of light energy

7. Which of the following statements is true for all cells?
They use solar energy.
They use photosynthesis.
They use chemical energy.
They use chemosynthesis.

8. Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule?
Stores energy
Carries energy
Absorbs energy
Converts energy

9. Where does the chemical energy used to produce ATP come from?
The conversion of ATP to ADP
The use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars
The addition of a phosphate group to produce ATP
The break-down of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules

10. Energy is released from an ATP molecule for cellular processes when it
Has a phosphate group removed
Stores an extra phosphate group
Converts a phosphate group to ADP
Produces a sugar molecule

11. Which of the following is the source of energy used in chemosynthesis?
Sunlight
Heat from hydrothermal vents
Chemical compounds
Amino acids