1. The Scientific Revolution

2. Before 1500, few questioned the Bible and Greek philosophers Aristotle & Ptolemy… What was true and false about the universe came from these sources

3. The Philosophical Medieval View
Aristotle & Ptolemy from Greece supported the
Geocentric theory:
Earth was an unmoving object located at the center of the universe- the sun and planets moved around the Earth
(sun rising and setting seemed to support this view)
Religion guided views too: Christianity taught that God had placed Earth at the center of the universe.

4. Geocentric Theory

5. Aristotle (384BC – 322BC)
An influential Greek philosopher who made important contributions on physical subjects.
Developed the geocentric model.
His philosophies has long-lasting effects on philosophical theories.

6. Claudius Ptolemy ( )
One of the most influential Greek astronomers, mathematician & geographers of his time.
He expanded Aristotle’s geocentric theory.
He introduced trigonometrical (trigonometry) methods.

7. Heliocentric Theory – Sun Centered
Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Models

8. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
Invented the Heliocentric Theory: Sun-Centered Universe
Earth is no different than any other planet
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
Copernicus

9. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Pushes use of experiments and observations
Planetary movement is a mathematical formula
Planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits NOT circles
Confirms Copernicus ideas

10. Galileo Galilei ( )
GALILEO – designs 1st telescope w/lens & sees movement of the stars & moons (similar to the movement of the planets)
Church believes heavens are fixed, unmoving and the earth is the center of the universe  they are furious w/Galileo!
Galileo is accused of heresy (crimes against Church)  1633 brought to trial before Catholic Inquisition & he recants his statements
Brainpop

11. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Brainpop Isaac Newton
Universal law of motion- every object in the universe attracts every other object
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) - Explained gravity (what goes up must come down)
Universe is a giant clock- all parts work together but God set clock in motion.

12. Francis Bacon ( )
An English politician & writer with an interest in science.
Criticized ancient philosophers on how they arrived at their conclusions.
Urged scientists to experiment in order to arrive at conclusions
Developed the Scientific Method