1. GPP Training toolkit 7.8. Road lighting and traffic signals
Module aims: To present the European Commission GPP criteria for Road Lighting and Traffic Signals, introduce the key environmental impacts of the product group, the availability and verification of green alternatives, and also non-procurement strategies for reducing environmental impacts in daily operations.
This document forms part of the EU GPP Training Toolkit. The full toolkit can be found on the European Commission GPP website:

2. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
GPP Training Toolkit
Module 1: Introduction
Module 4: Needs Assessment
Module 2: Strategic Aspects of GPP
Module 5: Circular Procurement
Module 3: Legal Aspects of GPP
Module 6: Preliminary Market Consultation
Module 7: Operational (Road lighting and traffic signals )
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

3. Environmental impacts
How do street lighting (light, ballast, control gear, luminaires) impact the environment?
Carbon emissions: over 90% of environmental impact from energy consumption and associated GHG emissions occur in the use phase
Poor resource efficiency
Impact on wildlife species and light pollution
Estimated energy consumption in 2005 for street lighting was 35 TWh for the EU25, representing approximately 1.3% of the final energy consumption of electricity in the EU25
Environmental impacts include:
CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions and acidifying gases as a result of electricity consumption in the use of road lighting.
Loss of star visibility caused by upward light output from unshielded luminaires and reflection from the ground.
Disruption of nocturnal species’ behaviour (because of blue light’.
Poor resource efficiency in cases where products or components need to be replaced before the end of their stated lifetime
EuP Lot 9 Study: Public Street Lighting, VITO, January Available from
Source of data on environmental impacts:
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

4. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Scope
What is included in the EU GPP Criteria for road lighting?
road lighting in new lighting installations;
retrofitting of different luminaires to existing lighting installations;
retrofitting of different light sources or controls to existing luminaires;
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

5. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Scope
What is included in the EU GPP Criteria for road lighting? (cont.)
Or the simple replacement of light sources, lamps or luminaires on a like-for-like basis in existing lighting installations.
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

6. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Scope
What is included in the EU GPP Criteria for traffic signals?
Red, yellow and green signal lights for road traffic with 200mm and 300mm roundels, in line with standard EN 12368
Portable signal lights are specifically excluded.
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

7. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Needs Assessment
Assess the need for new installation or renovation of the existing lighting infrastructure
Three key questions:
After evaluating actual needs based on the status of the plants, light pollution and safety, is a new plant necessary?
Can renovation of the existing plant ensure energy savings and reduce the environmental impact throughout the life cycle of the road lighting system?
Can the safety of circulation be improved by creating complementary or alternative lighting works such as signage, retarders, bollards, etc.?
More information: Module 4: Needs Assessment
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

8. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Overview
EU GPP Road lighting approach
Luminaires, lamps or light sources that exceed minimum luminaire efficacies
Use of dimming and metering
Reduction of obtrusive light and glare
Obligatory dimming in areas of concern and limits on the proportion of blue light (G-index) in lamp/luminaire output.
Durable and fit-for-use road lighting equipment that is repairable and with warranty
GPP Criteria include:
luminaire model, efficacy, ratio of upward light output and year of installation (where information is available);
mapping of light points and assignment of unique light point ID numbers (if not already done);
CONTRACT PERFORMANCE CLAUSES for preliminary assessment of existing lighting infrastructure and installation of dedicated metering, with reference to the following aspects:
lamp technology, rated power, correlated colour temperature (CCT) and year of installation;
Same for core and comprehensive criteria.
Set up appropriate metering, records shall be kept of the electricity consumption attributable to road lighting operation in each sub-area (this information shall then be used by the procurer as a basis for any future cost-benefit analyses)
presence/absence of dimming controls;
2) SELECTION CRITERIA for design and/or installation team
- experience in lighting design, dimensioning of electrical circuits and electrical distribution networks
2.1. Competencies of the design team
qualification in lighting engineering
a certified level of competency in the use of lighting design software and experience with the use of validated lighting calculation software
- relevant experience in the installation of outdoor lighting systems
2.2. Competencies of the installation team
Same for core and comprehensive criteria
- qualification in electrical engineering
- involvement in the installation of installation projects
3.1. Luminaire efficacy (lm/W) higher than the relevant reference value from 2018 to 2023 (120->155 in the core criteria; 130->165 in the comprehensive criteria)
3) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS for energy efficient lighting equipment
3.4. Annual Energy Consumption Indicator (AECI)(same for core and comprehensive criteria): the AECI of the design shall comply with the equation
3.3. Minimum dimming performance: dimming controls, programmable to set at least one pre-set level of dimming down to at least 50 % (core criteria) or 10% (comprehensive criteria) of maximum light output
3.2. Dimming control compatibility: the lighting installation shall be compatible with dimming controls and allow for programmed switch-off during periods of low night-time road use intensity (same for core and comprehensive criteria)
AECIdesign ≤ PDIref x Em x FD x T x where:
FD : dimming factor for any programmed dimming
Em : maximum maintained illuminance (lx)
PDI : power density indicator, in units of W.lx-1.m-2
0.001 : number of kW in 1W
T : operating time (h.yr-1)
3.5. Metering: the procurer shall state any specific technical requirements for the metering system (core criteria) and the metering device must be capable of logging data on a 24-hour basis that can later be manually or remotely downloaded (comprehensive criteria).
(The details of the calculation are indicated in a technical annex)
3.6. Power factor for the luminaire to be installed shall be ≥0.90 (core) or ≥0.95 (comprehensive).
4.1. Enhanced luminaire efficacy: a score of up to X points shall be awarded to tenderers that are able to provide light sources or luminaires which exceed the minimum luminous efficacy (same for core and comprehensive criteria).
4) AWARD CRITERIA for energy efficient lighting equipment
4.2. Enhanced AECI: a score of up to X points shall be awarded to tenderers that are able to provide designs that result in a lower AECI than the maximum limit defined (same for core and comprehensive criteria).
5.1. Dimming control: if the contractor changes the light sources and/or luminaires from those specified in the successful tender, the new light sources and/or luminaires shall be at least equally compatible with dimming controls as the originals, have the same programmable flexibility, be able to achieve at least the same maximum dimming, and have a similar power curve (same for core and comprehensive criteria).
(same for core and comprehensive criteria)
5) CONTRACT PERFORMANCE CLAUSE for energy efficient lighting equipment
5.2. Commissioning and correct operation of lighting controls: the successful tenderer (contractor) shall ensure that new or renovated lighting systems and controls are working properly. If after the commissioning, the lighting controls do not appear to meet the relevant requirements, the contractor shall be liable to adjust and/or recalibrate the controls at no additional cost to the procuring authority.
5.4. Compliance of actual energy efficiency and lighting levels with design claims: only recommended for large installations with a significant amount of installed power in non-urban environments.
(comprehensive criteria)
5.3. Provision of originally specified lighting equipment: the contractor shall ensure that the lighting equipment is installed as specified in the original tender.
6.1. Ratio of Upward Light Output (RULO) and obtrusive light: all luminaire models purchased shall be rated with a 0.0 % RULO (core criteria) and (comprehensive criteria) with a C3 flux code of ≥97 according to photometric data.
6) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS for low light pollution lighting equipment
6.3. Ecological light pollution and star visibility: In parks, gardens and areas considered by the procurer to be ecologically sensitive, the G-index shall be ≥1.5 (core criteria) or ≥2.0 (comprehensive criteria).
6.2. Annoyance: in residential areas, in order to reduce the risk of human annoyance, the CCT of light sources shall be ≤3000K and a dimming or switch-off programme shall be implemented (same for core and comprehensive criteria)
7) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS for good quality and durable lighting equipment
7.1. Provision of instructions: the tenderer shall provide the information with the installation of new or renovated lighting systems about disassembly instructions for luminaires; instructions on how to replace light sources; instructions on how to operate and maintain lighting controls; for daylight linked controls, instructions on how to recalibrate and adjust them; etc.
7.2. Waste recovery: the tenderer shall implement appropriate environmental measures to reduce and recover the waste produced during the installation. All waste lamps and luminaires and lighting controls shall be separated and sent for recovery in accordance with the WEEE directive.
7.5. Labelling of LED luminaires: technical information about manufacturer's name, code, serial number and date of manufacture; input power rating; luminous flux at 25°C; upward Light Ratio; CIE flux codes; correlated colour temperature (CCT); G-index;indication of the dimming control technology (if applicable).
7.4. Ingress Protection (IP) rating: Luminaires for M- and C-class roads shall have an optical system with an ingress protection rating of IP65 or higher. Luminaires for P-class roads shall be IP55 or higher.
7.3. Reparability: components must be identifiable, accessible and removable without damaging the component or the luminaire and replacement of components shall be able to be performed on site
- specific rated life at 25°C (greater for comprehensive criteria)
7.6. Product lifetime, spare parts and warranty (applicable to LED-based light sources):
7.7. Failure rate of control gear: the specified control gear failure rate shall be lower than 0.2 % (0.1 for comprehensive criteria) per 1000 h and be covered by an 8-year warranty (10 in comprehensive criteria) for control gear
- warranty for a period of 5 years from the date of installation.
8.1. Extended Warranty
8. AWARD CRITERIA for good quality and durable lighting equipment
9.1. Commitment to waste recovery and transport to suitable sites
9. CONTRACT PERFORMANCE CLAUSES
9.2. Labelling of LED luminaires
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

9. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Overview
EU GPP Traffic signals approach
Life cycle cost of lighting equipment for traffic signalling
LED-based light sources: product lifetime, spare parts and warranty
Dimming controls
GPP Criteria include:
1) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS for purchase of lighting equipment for traffic signalling
1.1. Life cycle cost (LCC): the life cycle cost shall be calculated based on the specifications set by the procurer (Same for core and comprehensive criteria)
1.2. Product lifetime, spare parts and warranty (applicable to LED-based light sources):
- specific rated life at 25°C (greater for comprehensive criteria)
warranty for a period of 5 years from the date of installation (7 for comprehensive criteria)
2) AWARD CRITERIA for purchase of lighting equipment for traffic signalling
2.1. Lowest life cycle cost: a maximum of X points shall be awarded to the tenderer whose proposal is shown to have the lowest life cycle cost (Same for core and comprehensive criteria)
2.2. Extended warranty
2.3. Dimming controls: points shall be awarded to tenderers that specify light sources and luminaires with fully functional dimming controls that are programmable to implement dimming during periods of low night-time road use intensity.
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

10. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
EU GPP Criteria
Road Lighting and Traffic Signals (2018)
Examples:
Selection criteria (SC) – design team and installation team shall have relevant competencies and experience
Technical specifications (TS) – the lighting equipment to be installed shall have a luminaire efficacy higher than the relevant reference value stated
Award criteria (AC) – points awarded to tenderers that are able to provide light sources or luminaires which exceed the minimum luminous efficacy defined in the technical specifications
Contract performance clauses (CPC) – contractor shall ensure that new or renovated lighting systems and controls are working properly
For full criteria see:
EU GPP Criteria for Road lighting and traffic signals
For each subsets of products and works contracts EU GPP criteria are divided into:
Selection criteria – used to assess the ability of an operator to perform a contract. Can only include criteria specifically related to the subject matter of the contract. (Road lighting example – design team and installation team shall have relevant competencies and experience)
Technical specifications – used to set minimum requirements that must be met by all tenders. Must relate to the characteristics of the work, supply or service being purchased. (Road lighting example – the lighting equipment to be installed shall have a luminaire efficacy higher than the relevant reference value stated)
Award criteria – used to stimulate additional environmental performance, but are not mandatory. (Road lighting example – points awarded to tenderers that are able to provide light sources or luminaires which exceed the minimum luminous efficacy defined in the technical specifications) 
Contract performance clauses – specify how a contract must be carried out. Relevant to service contracts. (Road lighting example – contractor shall ensure that new or renovated lighting systems and controls are working properly)
For each set of criteria there are two levels of ambition:
Core – designed to allow easy application of GPP, focussing on the key area(s) of environmental performance of a product and aimed at keeping administrative costs for companies to a minimum (road lighting example – Minimum dimming performance: All light sources and luminaires shall be installed with fully functional dimming controls that are programmable to set at least one pre-set level of dimming down to at least 50 % of maximum light output).
Comprehensive – take into account more aspects or higher levels of environmental performance, for use by authorities that want to go further in supporting environmental and innovation goals (road lighting example – Minimum dimming performance: All light sources and luminaires shall be installed with fully functional dimming controls that are programmable to set at least two pre-set levels of dimming, down to at least 10 % of maximum light output).
EU GPP Criteria for Road lighting and traffic signals:
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

11. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Verification
Checking compliance with GPP criteria
What to ask for?
When?
Standard photometric file calculated according to EN standards
technical specifications on the light output and energy consumption
documentation from the manufacturer(s)
lighting software used to calculate
technical specifications of the metering and measurement system
declaration of compliance
tests carried out in accordance with IEC
light spectra of all lamps
Compliance with GPP criteria needs to be assessed both at the time of selection of best offer and during the contract execution phase and commissioning.
Verification systems are product-specific. They include different requirements and may consist in the submission of existing documentation that the supplier has at their disposal and of specific documentation to be produced to prove compliance with an environmental requirement.
Each criterion has its own corresponding verification that must always be included in the tender documentation.
Procurers should also make clear what needs to be verified during the evaluation and selection stage and what needs to be verified during contract execution.
EU GPP Criteria for Road lighting and traffic signals:
For full verification instructions see:
EU GPP Criteria for Road lighting and traffic signals
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

12. Legislation supporting GPP
Directives related to street lighting systems
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 874/2012 of 12 July supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU of European Parliament and of the Council with regard to energy labelling of electrical lamps and luminaires.
Directive on the Restrictions of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (2011/65/EU)
Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) (2012/19/EU)
Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) 2012/27/EU
More information in:
Commission Delegated Regulation 874/2012:
Directive 2011/65/EU:
Directive 2012/19/EU:
Directive 2012/27/EU:
More information in:
Commission Delegated Regulation 874/2012
Directive 2011/65/EU
Directive 2012/19/EU and Directive 2012/27/EU
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

13. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
Market Availability
How to identify sustainable products or services
Relevant labels and initiatives:
ENEC+ marking (European quality marking for electrical products)
(UNEP)-Global Environment Facility (GEF) enlighten initiative
Labels from the French ‘Association Nationale pour la Protection du Ciel et de l'Environnement Nocturne
See the websites:
ENEC+:
UNEP Enlighten initiative:
ANPCEN:
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

14. Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals
LCC
Relevant LCC examples and guidance
Kolding’s procurement of climate-friendly lighting solutions (City of Kolding, Denmark)
Purchasing energy-efficient outdoor lighting in Cascais (Municipality Of Cascais, Portugal)
Kolding’s procurement of climate-friendly lighting solutions (City of Kolding, Denmark):
Purchasing energy-efficient outdoor lighting in Cascais (Municipality Of Cascais, Portugal):
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals

15. Case Studies Purchasing energy efficient street lighting
(City of Rotterdam, Netherlands)
Energy performance contracting for efficient outdoor lighting
Municipality of Jimena de la Frontera, Cádiz (Spain)
GPP Helpdesk For further support on GPP, contact the EU’s free Helpdesk
Purchasing energy efficient street lighting (City of Rotterdam, Netherlands):
Energy performance contracting for efficient outdoor lighting (Municipality of Jimena de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain):
Toolkit developed for the European Commission by ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
Module Author: Fondazione Ecosistemi
Owner, Editor: European Commission, DG Environment, 2019
Photos: courtesy of Pixabay.com under Creative Commons CCO
Disclaimer: This toolkit is an indicative document of the Commission services and cannot be considered binding to this institution in any way. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the information in this document.
Module 7.8 – Road lighting and traffic signals