1. The Writing Process

2. Stage 4:
Revising

3. The Writing Process ~ Stage 1: Exploring, Gathering Information--
Using Prewriting Strategies:
-Brainstorming
-Clustering
-Freewriting
Let’s review S 1 and 2—you already prepared your b c or f

4. The Writing Process ~ Stage 2: Planning the Essay
- Writing the Controlling Idea
- Organizing and Developing Support:
> Listing
> Outlining
You prepared your outline

5. The Writing Process ~ Stage 3: - Writing the first draft
And wrote your first essay. I asked you to bring your first draft today,

6. Revising The Writing Process ~ Stage 4:
So we can do Stage 4 of the WP - revising

7. The Writing Process ~ Editing What you do beyond the first draft is:
~ Revision
~ Editing

8. The Writing Process
REVISION includes checking for organization, content, and language effectiveness.
EDITING includes checking for spelling, punctuation, capitalization.

9. The Writing Process-RevisingL U E S

10. The Writing Process-Revising
COHERENCE
LANGUAGE
UNITY
EMPHASIS
SUPPORT
SENTENCES

11. The Writing Process-Revising
COHERENCE:
- Orderly relationships of ideas.
- Each idea leads smoothly and
logically to the next.
When we revise, we check for coherence. Coherence is…

12. The Writing Process-Revising
Coherence
-Is there a clear pattern of organization
(time, space or emphasis?)
-Do you use “Transitions”?
Time: now, then, later, finally
Space: above, below, up, down
Emphasis: first, second, last

13. The Writing Process-Revising
- Is coherence enhanced by the use of transitional terms, pronouns, repetition, and consistent point of view?

14. The Writing Process-Revising
2. LANGUAGE
- Use appropriate language: Academic language
- Tone-attitude toward the material and audience.
- Word Choice – Are the words precise in conveying meaning?

15. The Writing Process-Revising
3. UNITY
- A controlling idea establishes unity in every piece of good writing.
- It is the central point around which the supporting material revolves.
Check for unity

16. The Writing Process-Revising
Unity
For an essay, the elements are
~ the thesis
~ the supporting developmental paragraphs
All the supporting material should be related to the thesis.

17. The Writing Process-Revising
Unity
A good check on unity is to ask yourself if everything in your essay is subordinate to and derived from the controlling idea.
Do not confuse UNITY with COHERENCE:
COHERENCE: clear movement of thought from sentence to sentence or paragraph to paragraph.
UNITY: Staying on topic

18. The Writing Process-Revising
4. EMPHASIS
- Are ideas properly placed
(especially near the beginning and end)
for emphasis?

19. The Writing Process-Revising
5. SUPPORT
Is there adequate material:
examples, details, quotations and
explanations
to support each topic sentence and thesis?
- Are the points of support in the best possible order?

20. The Writing Process-Revising
6. SENTENCES:
- Are the sentences varied in length and beginnings?
- Are the sentences varied in pattern
(simple, compound, complex, comp/compl)?
- Are all problems with sentence structure
(FRAGMENTS, COMMA SPLICES, RUN ONS) corrected?

21. The Writing Process-Revising
EDITING:
spelling, punctuation, capitalization

22. The Writing Process-Revising
Revise your first draft:
1. Read the essay from the beginning to the end for an overall assessment.
~Is it coherent?
~Is it unified?
~Is it well supported?
2. Read the essay a second time for “content.” Read each paragraph and answer the “Content” questions in the peer review form.
3. Read the essay a third time for “form.” Read each sentence aloud to hear and correct any grammatical errors or awkward-sounding sentences. Use the “Form” section of the Peer Review Form.

23. The Writing Process-Revising
4. Editing:
In practice, revising and editing are not always separate activities.
It is recommended that you wait until the next-to-the-last draft to edit some minor details and other small points that can be easily overlooked.

24. The Writing Process-Revising
Write your second draft.
Include the revisions.
Do not proofread on the computer screen.
Print your second draft.
Edit second draft.
Print

25. The End