1. Protests in France

2. Factors of Political Changes in France (1)
Economic factors : - Unemployment

3. Factors of Political Changes in France (2)
- Public debt increase

4. Factors of Political Changes in France (3)
Political factors :
Reduction of established social rights
Crisis of representativeness
Socio-cultural factors :
Dominance of the post-modernist values in the official discourse
Anti-austerity discourse

5. Actors

6. Protest Movements - Timeline

7. Demands of the movements
23/03/2010 – 23/11/2010 : Non-increase of the legal age for the retirement 17/11/2012 – 05/10/2014 : Defense of the tradition vision of the family, opposition to the right for the same-sex couples to marry and jointly adopt children 10/01/ /01/2015 : Emphasis on the freedom of speech 09/03/ /09/2016 : Withdrawal of the labour law reducing the guaranties of the employee concerning their work conditions 11/02/ … : Denunciation of the police violence

8. Characteristics of the movements :
Independent
- Trade-unions and student unions as watchdogs concerning the social conditions in France
Traditional movements as watchdogs to protect the materialist values
Long protests
Triggers clearly identifiable : Laws – Police violence covered by the media

9. Reactions to the movement
Media :
Movements largely covered by the media ; reaction very dependent of the political line of the media
Government :
Negotiation on the minor points, forced passages of the contested laws

10. Outcomes
Situational change : Radicalization of the political wings : Polarization Policy change : Pension reform (2010), Election of Francois Hollande (2012), Law Taubira (2013), Labour Law (2016) Institutional change : Crisis of representativeness and trust toward the political elites

11. Missing points Demographic structure of the protests not-found :
Studies not done directly in the protest movement but in the population :
Only demographic structure of the population according to their opinion on the protest movement (Absolutely justified – Quite justified – Quite not justified – Absolutely not justified)

12. Thank you for your attention