1. Lesson 3: The Flourishing of Culture

2. Universities Each university devoted to one area of study
E.g. Law at the University of Salerno, philosophy and theology at the University of Paris
Books very expensive and took a long time to reproduce
University students had no texts but took notes

3. The Printing Press
1455 A.D. – Johannes Gutenberg published a copy of the Bible using the first European printing press
By 1500 A.D., more than 250 European cities had a printing press

4. Stained-Glass and Tapestries
Stained-glass – artwork consisting of colored glass
Known as the “Poor Man’s Bible” – served as a “school for the illiterate”
Tapestry – a rich, heavy cloth with designs and scenes woven into it

5. Cathedrals and Gothic Architecture
Cathedral – from the Latin “cathedra” meaning chair or seat
Christians built cathedrals as the tallest buildings and they showcased Gothic architectural style (around 1150 A.D.) as well as sculpture and glasswork
Two famous Gothic cathedrals
Canterbury Cathedral – Canterbury, England
Notre Dame Cathedral – Paris, France

6. Literature Most written in Latin
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Some wrote in the vernacular – the everyday language of the people
Dante Alighieri – 1321 – The Divine Comedy – poem of his imaginary journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Heaven (Paradiso)
Geoffrey Chaucer – Canterbury Tales – 1387 – story about 30 pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral. Chaucer exposed social and moral evils of his day.

7. Contributions of Women
Hildegard of Bingen – experienced visions later recorded by a monk named Volmar
1151/52 – Scivias – prophetic visions about God’s relationship with his people
Hildegard founded community of Benedictine nuns
Wrote music, made medical book
2012 A.D. – named a Doctor of the Church by Pope Benedict XVI

8. Refocus-Comprehension
1) How did Gutenberg’s invention contribute to the advancement of education? - Printed books became affordable to ordinary people. 2) How did stained-glass windows serve as a “school for the illiterate”? - For those who couldn’t read, they could understand a story by studying its representation in stained glass.

9. Lesson 4: Children’s Lives

10. The Children’s Crusade
French boy – Stephen – had vision that God wanted him to lead a crusade
Crossed Alps – 2/3 children died on the journey due to be being frozen and starving
German boy – Nicholas – also had similar vision
Easier trip, but sea didn’t open up and many died on the walk back
Many captured by Muslims and sold into slavery
Promised God would part waters of Mediterranean Sea, allowing them to cross and walk to Jerusalem to capture it

11. Children of Nobles - The Boys
Learn how to behave through instruction and example
Learn to make beds and serve meals
Might learn Latin
Age 8-9, sent to live as a squire in another family’s castle
Practice swordplay, handling armor, dancing, chess, and carving meat

12. Apprentice
A person learning a trade by working with a master skilled in that trade
Boys – apprenticed to master craftsworker
Girls – apprenticed to the master’s wife
Apprentices would learn in effort to become masters themselves

13. Fun and Games Noble children Working-class parents
Hiding games in castle
Frolic with animals and castle pets
Horseshoes, marbles
Early forms of tennis & football
Working-class parents
Dancing
Wrestling
Dice games
Snowball fights, skating
Juggling, puppeteering, etc.

14. Refocus-Comprehension
1) What was the Children’s Crusade? - An unsuccessful attempt by French and German children to march to Jerusalem to free the Holy Land for all Christians 2) Why were noble children sent to live with other families? - Noble children were sent to live with other families in order to learn their duties as noblemen and noblewomen