1. Naloxone decreases insulin secretion in hyperinsulinemic postmenopausal women and may positively affect hormone replacement therapy 
Francesco Cucinelli, M.D., Liberato Soranna, M.D., Concetta Perri, M.D., Daniela Romualdi, M.D., Angela Barini, M.D., Salvatore Mancuso, M.D., Antonio Lanzone, M.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 78, Issue 5, Pages (November 2002)
DOI: /S (02)

2. FIGURE 1
Insulin plasma levels after the OGTT in hyperinsulinemic (left) and normoinsulinemic (right) postmenopausal women expressed as AUC (Insulin-AUC). Data refer to the saline (open bars) and naloxone studies (shaded bars), before treatment (A), after 12 weeks of unopposed transdermal estrogen therapy (ERT) (B), and after 12 additional weeks of estrogen plus dydrogesterone administration (HRT) (C). Results are reported as the mean ± SD. Intragroup significance: saline vs. naloxone group: P <.01(a); saline group before treatment vs. after ERT: P <.05 (b); saline group before treatment vs. after HRT: P <.01 (c). Intergroup significance: hyperinsulinemic vs. normoinsulinemic: P <.01 (d).
Cucinelli. Opioids, HRT, and glyco-insulinemic metabolism. Fertil Steril 2002.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

3. FIGURE 2
C-peptide pancreatic secretion after the glucose load in hyperinsulinemic (left) and normoinsulinemic (right) postmenopausal women expressed as AUC (C-peptide AUC). Data refer to the saline (open bars) and naloxone study (shaded bars), before treatment (A), after 12 weeks of unopposed transdermal estrogen therapy (ERT) (B), and after 12 additional weeks of estrogen plus dydrogesterone administration (HRT) (C). Results are reported as the mean ± SD. Intragroup significance: saline vs. naloxone group: P <.05 (a); saline group before treatment vs. after ERT: P <.01 (b) and P <.05 (c); saline group before treatment vs. after HRT: P <.05 (d) and P <.01 (e); naloxone group before treatment vs. after ERT P <.05 (f); naloxone group before treatment vs. after HRT P <.05 (g); P <.01 (h).
Cucinelli. Opioids, HRT, and glyco-insulinemic metabolism. Fertil Steril 2002.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

4. FIGURE 3
Values of FHIE after the OGTT in hyperinsulinemic (left) and normoinsulinemic (right) postmenopausal women. Data refer to the saline (open bars) and naloxone study (shaded bars), before treatment (A), after 12 weeks of unopposed transdermal estrogen therapy (ERT) (B), and after 12 additional weeks of estrogen plus dydrogesterone administration (HRT) (C). Results are reported as the mean ± SD. Intragroup significance: saline vs. naloxone group: P <.01 (a); saline group before treatment vs. after ERT: P <.01 (b); saline group before treatment vs. after HRT: P <.01 (c) and P <.05 (d); saline group after ERT vs. after HRT: P <.05 (e); naloxone group before treatment vs. after ERT: P <.05 (f); naloxone group before treatment vs. after HRT: P <.05 (g). Intergroup significance: hyperinsulinemic vs. normoinsulinemic: P <.05 (h).
Cucinelli. Opioids, HRT, and glyco-insulinemic metabolism. Fertil Steril 2002.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

5. FIGURE 4
Values of insulin sensitivity calculated as total body glucose utilization (M) (mg/kgBW/minute) in hyperinsulinemic (left) and normoinsulinemic (right) postmenopausal women. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Before treatment (open bars) and after 12 weeks of unopposed transdermal estrogen therapy (solid bars).
Cucinelli. Opioids, HRT, and glyco-insulinemic metabolism. Fertil Steril 2002.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (02) )