1. Covalent Bond
Chapter 9

2. What is a Covalent bond
Bond resulting from the sharing of a valence e-
Between 2 nonmetals
molecule

3. Single Bond Atoms will share e- to form an outer octet.
When only one e- is shared it is a single bond.
Lewis Structure: electron-dot diagram to show how e- are arranged in molecules
EX: PH3
CCl4

4. Multiple Covalent Bonds
Can share more than one e- to form outer octet O2
Triple bond N2

5. Strength of Bonds Bond length: distance between nuclei
Triple bond has shortest bond length, double bond has shorter bond length, single bond longest.
Shorter the bond length the stronger the bond.

6. Strength of Covalent Bonds
Bond dissociation energy: amount of energy required to break a bond.
Bond breaking always endothermic.
EX:
F2 159KJ/mol
O2 498kJ/mol
N2 945kJ/mol

7. Naming binary molecular Compounds
The first element in the formula is always named first using the entire element name
The second element in the formula is named using the root of the element + suffix –ide
Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms present in the compound.

8. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
# of atoms
Prefix 1
mono- 2
Di- 3
Tri- 4
Tetra- 5
Penta- 6
Hexa- 7
Hepta- 8
Octa- 9
Nona- 10
Deca-
Do not begin compound with word mono-