1. Wood Finishing TOPIC 5 EXTRA… CLICK HERE FOR MORE ON A TOPIC INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY- TIMBER ASSOCIATED THEORY

2. INDEX INTRODUCTION HOW FINISHES WORK SURFACE PREPARATION TYPES OF ABRASIVES REPAIRING MINOR DEFECTS STAINING TIMBER TYPES OF POLYURETHANE APPLYING POLYURETHANE MISCELANEOUS FINISHES BIBLIOGRAPHY Click on a topic or press Enter to commence.

3. Wood Finishing INDEX Introduction Planning & Design Material preparation & Construction Application of a Protective Finish There are three main stages to the successful completion of a wood project: Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 3

4. Wood Finishing INDEX Introduction absorbent protected Although wood is durable and resistant to a fair amount of wear and tear the surface is ……………….. and needs to be ………………..

5. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX Introduction stain Spilt food, dirt and hand marks tend to ………………. and …………… the surface. dull Water raises the grain and tends to …………….. the surface. Alternatively, excessive dehydration will cause the timber to ……………….. and ……………... roughen shrinksplit EXTRA…

6. INDEX If left untreated the timber fades, & cracks appear. before after

7. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX How Finishes Work. How Finishes Work. Saturating the fibres and filling the pores A protective finish seals the surface of the timber in one of two ways. 1. 2. Bonding to the surface in a tough, flexible film. The latter method is usually quicker as it can be performed in a single operation.

8. Wood Finishing INDEX The nature of the project, and where it will be used will determine ……………………………… the type of finish Outdoor projects require a finish that will resist ………………and the effects of ………………………… moisture ultra violet light Indoor projects may be less durable, but are often ……………………… and a finish is chosen that enhances the natural …………………………….... decorative beauty of the timber

9. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX This outdoor setting needs a finish that will resist moisture and ultra violet rays. Unfortunately, nothing will stop it from fading eventually.

10. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX The quality of the finished surface depends on many factors, the first of which is good ……………………………………… surface preparation Surface Preparation Surface Preparation Generally, the more care taken with surface preparation, the better will be the final…………… finish Defects that are present on the surface will usually show up under …………………………. clear finishes

11. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX Sanding: Sanding: This is the name given to the process of smoothing timber by actually scratching the surface with………………………….. abrasive paper Surface Preparation Surface Preparation Abrasive paper was originally made from ……………, hence the term ………………………. sandingsand

12. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX Abrasives consist of small particles of crushed grit that is glued to a backing sheet. The backing sheet may be ………………. or ……………….. cloth Surface Preparation Surface Preparation Abrasives are made from crushed ……………, ……………… or other………………………………… glass paper garnetsynthetic material

13. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX Abrasives can be wrapped around various shaped blocks for hand sanding.

14. Wood Finishing Wood Finishing INDEX Or they can be attached to the base plate of And orbital sanders Belt sanders

15. Wood Finishing INDEX Abrasives are graded by number. The larger the number the smaller ……………………………… the grit particles Abrasives are available in sheets, or they may be made into belts for different sanding ……………………. machines They may also be purchased as discs or small round cylinders for special situations. EXTRA…

16. Wood Finishing INDEX A selection of abrasive products from a supplier.

17. Wood Finishing INDEX NumberCommon Use 40Belt Sander- very coarse 80Removing plane marks 100Hand or orbital sanding 120Hand or orbital sanding 180Final hand or orbital sanding 240Smoothing after 1st coat 320Smoothing after 2nd coat These are the most common grits used at AHS.

18. Wood Finishing INDEX On the back of the abrasive paper is information pertaining to: brand The brand of the abrasive material The material used for the abrasive grit The grit of the abrasive Important: Whenever possible sand in the direction of the grain of the timber.

19. Wood Finishing INDEX Important: Whenever possible sand in the direction of the grain of the timber.

20. Wood Finishing INDEX TYPEPROPERTIESUSESGARNETOrange natural mineral, friable Softwood furniture ALUMINIUM OXIDE Very tough, block shaped grit Best all purpose woodworking abrasive SILICON CARBIDE Shiny, black very hard particles Rubbing back a polyurethane finish.

21. Wood Finishing INDEX Timber is a natural material, and often it is necessary to disguise natural defects before adding the final finish. In other cases it may be necessary to repair……………………………………… poor workmanship There are a number techniques that can be used to disguise faults in timber, but they must be carried out ………………………………………………… before the finish is applied

22. Wood Finishing INDEX Wood putty or stopper Available in a range of timber colours, and can be pressed into small gaps and cracks. Method Press putty into joint with clean flexible knife. Leave slightly raised. Sand off when dry.

23. Wood Finishing INDEX Matching timber colours A small amount of stain may be mixed with the putty to get a better colour match.

24. Wood Finishing INDEX Inserting a Plug Cut a hole with a plug cutter directly over the defect. Insert a plug of the same timber with the grain running in the same direction. Alternatively, insert a different coloured plug as a feature. EXTRA…

25. Wood Finishing INDEX Knots that are likely to fall out should be drilled out and replaced with a large piece of solid timber. The plug may be cut with a hole saw or turned on the lathe. Putty may be added.

26. Wood Finishing INDEX Staining Timber Timber may be stained before a protective finish is applied. This is carried out for the following reasons: 1.To even out the variations in colour that occur naturally with some timbers. 2.To make an inexpensive timber look like an exotic species of timber. EXTRA…

27. All of this furniture is made from pine. INDEX

28. Brandy Stain (pine)Antique Stain (pine) This slide and the following two slides show different stains that can be applied to pine to make it look like an expensive alternative timber.

29. Sierra Brown Stain (pine)Provincial Stain (pine) Honey Stain (pine)Salem Stain (pine)

30. Chocolate Stain (pine)Vintage Stain (pine) Auburn Stain (pine)Hickory Stain (pine)

31. Wood Finishing INDEX Test a small amount of stain on a piece of timber similar to your project to gauge the colour of the finish. Several stains may be tested on a test strip

32. Wood Finishing INDEX Staining Timber Stains can be applied with a brush or a rag. Wipe along the grain and wipe off excess with smooth even strokes. Wear gloves.

33. Wood Finishing INDEX Types of Polyurethane Oil-based, thin with mineral turps. Oil-based gel Water-based, clean up with water.

34. Wood Finishing INDEX Applying Polyurethane Polyurethane may be brushed on……. Or applied with a cotton pad.

35. Wood Finishing INDEX Applying Polyurethane Spraying is a good method for fiddly jobs. A foam pad or applicator is good for large flat surfaces.

36. Wood Finishing INDEX Applying Polyurethane Lightly sand the surface between each coat using 320 grit aluminium oxide or carborundum.

37. Wood Finishing INDEX Applying Polyurethane After the final coat has hardened Scandanavian oil or a wax can be rubbed into the surface.

38. Wood Finishing INDEX There are many other types of finishes that may be applied to timber. Some of these include…. French polish

39. Wood Finishing INDEX There are many other types of finishes that may be applied to timber. Some of these include…. Tung oil

40. Wood Finishing INDEX There are many other types of finishes that may be applied to timber. Some of these include…. Canauba wax

41. Wood Finishing INDEX And of course paint.

42. Wood Finishing INDEX Bibliography & other Resources These two are available from the school library

43. Wood Finishing INDEX Bibliography & other Resources

44. Wood Finishing INDEX Bibliography & other Resources

45. Wood Finishing INDEX Bibliography & other Resources The end of Topic 5