1. Corine Land Cover and Land & Ecosystem Accounting tools
Enrichment of the MedWet Inventory Method
Exploring applications of Remote Sensing techniques and of Spatial Data Infrastructure
Corine Land Cover and Land & Ecosystem Accounting tools
Jean-Louis Weber
European Environment Agency
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

2. Preamble: a new EEA report to come...
An integrated assessment of issues such as...
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

3. ...coastal erosion...
Map 12 Coastal erosion patterns in the European coasts (2004)
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

4. ...pressure on the coast (urban, agriculture)
Map 3 Share of built-up area in the 0–1 km coastal strip, by NUTS 3 (2000)
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

5. ...nature protection which is mostly concentrated on the 1st km of coast...
Figure 11 Distribution of NATURA 2000 sites in coastal zone
by 1 km bands from the coastline
and in the marine 10 km zone (blue)
Source: ETC-TE and ETC-BD/ EEA. 2005, based on Natura2000 database
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

6. ...change in land cover...
Figure 1 Land cover change in 19 of the coastal European countries (1990–2000)
10 km coastal zone
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

7. ...urban land take and increase are more important in the 1st km
Figure 4 Change of built-up areas in 0–10 km and 0–1 km coastal zones
Source: ETC-TE
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

8. ...and assessment of the ecosystems potentially impacted
Map 5 Wetland concentration in Europe (2000)
Source: ETC-TE / EEA. 2005
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

9. CLC and land & ecosystem accounts: Outline
Corine land cover 1990 & 2000: main sources for assessing land cover state and changes resulting from land use
Land accounting as the tool for systematic assessments
Land accounts as an infrastructure for developping ecosystem accounts
and a tour of Mediterranean wetlands...
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

10. Corine land cover as a common reference
CLC2000
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

11. CLC: 1 nomenclature for 34 countries (of which 23 completed for 2 dates, 31 for 1 date and 2005 in preparation) 1
Artificial areas 2A
Arable land & permanent crops 2B
Pastures & mosaics
2B1
Pastures
2B2
Mosaic farmland 3A
Forested land
3A1
Standing forests
3A2
Transitional woodland & shrub 3B
Semi-natural vegetation 3C
Open spaces/ bare soils 4
Wetlands 5
Water bodies
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

12. Wetlands in Corine land cover
NB:
Rice fields can be isolated as well and added to the list above
CLC maps landscape units > 25 ha and broder than 100 m  small wetlands can be found in other CLC classes, in particular in mosaics of agricuture and nature
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

13. Accounting for Land Cover
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

14. Accounting with Corine land cover 1990-2000
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

15. Satellite image (Image 2000)
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

16. CORINE Land Cover
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

17. European Reference Grid 1x1 Km
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

18. Land cover accounts are produced for 1 km² grid cells
K1000 E3666 N2073 2 14 71 7 6
Total surface: 100 Ha
Each grid cell is given attributes: Country, administrative region, river basin, coastal zone/hinterland, bio-geographical region, river basin, landscape type. It facilitates queries and reporting
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

19. Land cover change accounts: from maps to statistics
Land cover 1990 & 2000 and land cover change are first converted to a grid (below, 3x3 km)
LCF1 Urban land management
LCF2 Urban residential sprawl
LCF3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures
LCF4 Agriculture internal conversions
LCF5 Conversion from other land cover to agriculture
LCF6 Withdrawal of farming
LCF7 Forests creation and management
LCF8 Water bodies creation and management
LCF9 Changes due to natural & multiple causes
Individual changes are grouped by land cover flows that describe processes
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

20. And back to maps, e.g. land uptake by artificial development, NUTS2/3, deviation of the European average, mean annual values
ESPON HYPERATLAS - MULTISCALAR TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

21. e.g. Urban sprawl in the province of Venice, , cells of 1 km x 1 km – wetlands in the background
Wetlands
Despite possible threats from sea level rise and the permanent ecological problems of the lagoon due to agriculture eutrophicating surpluses, urban and infrastructures development has continued in the province of Venice.
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

22. From land cover to ecosystem accounting
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

23. Land based ecosystem accounting
Land use
economic &
social
functions
Artificiality
of land
Intensity
of use
LAND USE ACCOUNTS
Production &
Consumption
Natural Assets
Population
Infrastructures
& Technologies
Ecosystem
services
potentials
Integrity, health
& viability
Vulnerability
ECOSYSTEM ACCOUNTS
Soil
Flora & Fauna
Water system
Atmosphere/
Climate
CORE LAND COVER ACCOUNT
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

24. Accounting for ecosystems: 5 questions
How many, how much? (land cover units, small ecosystems, rivers, biomass, water...)
In which state/health? (¤ homeostasis ¤ resilience ¤ modification process with no return ¤ collapsus)
Which supply of goods and services? (availability and use)
What are the stresses and stressors? (the responsible sectors)
Wealth and other values, the Natural Capital
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

25. Ecosystem health: counts of diversity/integrity
Ecosystem Distress Syndrome model:
Disruptions of nutrients cycling (loss or excess)
Degradation of substrates (fragmentation, water stress, chemical stress)
Change in species composition (invasive…)
General approach
Systematic check up
At any scales
For any habitat types
Specific diagnosis
Selection of markers and threshold values according to:
Habitat types (detailed)
Region, Context
Focussed research of stressors
Overharvesting
land/rivers restructuring
deposition of residuals
introduction of species
Can be enlarged to:
Sustainability of systems (without subsidies, energy input…)
Ability to support healthy population
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

26. Framework of Ecosystem and Natural Capital Accounts
Spatial integration
Economic sectors
Ecosystem Stocks & State Accounts
Natural Capital Accounts
Basic stocks/flows accounts
Material flows
& ecosystem services
(including land cover accounts)
Ecosystem types
Supply & use of ecosystem goods and services
Counts of integrity/diversity & ecosystem state
Natural assets accounts
Economic integration
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

27. Ecosystem services Ref to Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

28. Wetlands accounts application: individual systems and statistical approach
(courtesy Danube Delta National Institute)
WETLANDS 1990 OF N-W EUROPE EEA/ETCTE
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

29. Integration of space monitoring into ecosystem accounting: land cover change x NPP x structure/texture x short time variability x stratification of in situ monitoring (biodiversity, water…)
Vegetation productivity, seasonal change (MERIS/JRC-IES)
Fires Droughts (SPOT4-Vegetation/ CNES – Vito)
Forest structure (MODIS-Multi-angle/JRC-IES)
Texture, parcelisation changes 1988 – 1998 (Landsat/JRC-IES)
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

30. Integrated land cover, land use and ecosystem monitoring & accounting – a nested approach
T T+10 1/
Corine Land Cover (EU/Countries, Regions, Basins, Ecological corridors) 1/
(LC main trends, Vegetation & Humidity + Pan-European, Global …)
Fauna, Flora,
Physico-Chemical
parameters
Socio-
Economic
Statistics
In situ monitoring
1/10 to
(Cities, Natura2000 sites, coastal zones, risk areas)
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

31. ... a tour of Mediterranean wetlands, as seen by land accounting and spatial analysis of CLC data
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

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43. Arable & permanent
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

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46. Forest creation
MedWet / EKBY, Greece – 2 April 2006

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