1. Do Now Describe the three types of RNA.
Transcribe this sequence of DNA: ATCCAGTGA
What is the difference between an intron and an exon?
What is your favorite dessert?

2. Review mRNA splicing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hV6NSHjTR1s
Adding a 5’ end; poly A tail

3. Objectives: RNA Translation
SWBAT understand and describe the process of translation in the cells

5. Central Dogma
DNA  RNA  Proteins
Transcription
Translation

6. Translation
Translation: the process of decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain
In translation, the information in a nucleic acid is converted into amino acids
Which type of RNA is translated?
mRNA

7. Translation
Where does RNA Transcription happen? The same place as DNA replication  the nucleus
Where does translation occur? On the ribosomes (in eukaryotes)

8. UGA AAA CGA Genetic Code
Genetic Code: the information that the RNA carries that specifies the amino acids that will be made
Every 3 nucleotides code for an amino acid. These 3 letter codes are called a codon.
1 codon = 3 nucleotides = 1 amino acid
CGA
AAA

9. Genetic Code

10. Practice
Using the genetic code on your table, what is the amino acid for the codon AGU?
SERINE

11. Complete practice 1 on your worksheets Total time: 5 minutes
Finding mRNA

12. To transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome
tRNA
Who Can Remember?! What is the function of tRNA?
To transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

13. tRNA tRNA has a cloverleaf pattern
At one end of the tRNA is the anticodon, it bonds with the codon in the mRNA (it is a complementary sequence)

14. tRNA
At the other end of the tRNA is the amino acid that the mRNA codes for

15. AAA phenylalanine tRNA
Example: the mRNA codon is UUU (remember that RNA does not have thymine but has uracil instead)
What will be the anticodon for this mRNA?
What amino acid will be carried by this tRNA molecule?
AAA
phenylalanine

16. St. Olaf Translation Animation

17. Steps of Translation
Step 1: mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to the ribosome
Step 2: tRNA brings specific amino acids to the RNA (according to the mRNA codons)
Step 3: tRNA bonds to the mRNA and its amino acid attaches to the growing polypeptide chain

18. More Terms
The mRNA sequence is very long. How does the cell know at which codon to start making the protein and which codon to stop?
“Start” codon: This codon tells the protein chain to start building. The start codon is AUG or the amino acid methionine. Methionine is therefore the first amino acid in all proteins
“STOP” codon: there are 3 stop codons: UAA, UGA and UAG

19. Translation Animation

20. Practice Codon Anti-codon tRNA Genetic Code Polypeptide A Site P Site
Find either your matching amino acid or codon sequence.
When you find your match, sit down and work on your practice together.
You will have 10 m.
Vocabulary that you should know:
MILD
CHALLENGE
Codon
Anti-codon
tRNA
Genetic Code
Polypeptide
A Site
P Site
E Site
Large subunit
Small subunit